HAECKEL S ANTHROPOGENIE. 247 



one than that of those to the lowest catarhines. A long series of 

 catarhine forms must have been passed through before man was 

 developed, before he became accustomed to the upright gait and the 

 correlated further differentiation of anterior and posterior extremi- 

 ties, before the larynx and brain became further developed, along 

 with the functions attaching to these organs. 



With reference to these advances, it is possible to mark out four 

 stages which indicate important points in the evolution of man. As 

 the nineteenth stage, then, the lowest catarhine stands forth charac- 

 terized by the possession of the characteristic nose, dentition and 

 brain ; menocerca, existing in the eocene time, as remains teach us ; 

 probably semnopithecus is the most nearly allied living form. 



The tailless apes, or anthropoids, must be reckoned as the twentieth 

 stage, characterized by loss of tail and partial loss of hair; and 

 among the living forms two well marked groups are distinguishable, 

 an African and an Asiatic. Both the African anthropoids are dark 

 and dolicocephalic, like the Negroes; while the Asiatic forms are brown 

 or yellow and brachycephalic, like their countrymen, the Malays and 

 Mongolians, None of the anthropoids can be reckoned as the abso- 

 lutely nearest to man. They must rather be regarded as the last 

 widely separated remains of an old catarhine branch, a particular 

 twig of wliich gave rise to man. 



A twenty-first stage will thus be formed by the pithecanthropi, 

 intermediate betAveen the old anthropoid family and man character- 

 ized by the complete differentiation of the limbs, but still destitute 

 of speech (alali). 



Comparative philology shows that language is of polyphyletic 

 origin ; probably it formed after the divergence of the races in the 

 diluvial period. The alali must have thus existed towards the end 

 of the tertiary period. 



The twenty-second and last stage is constituted by man endowed 

 with speech, probably formed during the diluvial time in the tropi- 

 cal zone of the Old World, either on the continent of Africa or Asia, 

 or on an earlier continent now sunk, which reached from East Africa 

 to East Asia, the "lemurian" continent. 



The above is a mere sketch of the pedigree constructed by Haeckel 

 for man; for the genealogical system of the whole of the animal 

 kingdom, the "Nattirliche Schopfungsgeschichte " must be consulted. 



