THE EASTERN ORIGIN OP THE CELTS. 295 



the eldest son of Midian. Thymbrse wag another memorial of Zim- 

 ran. There likewise appear Melsena, Mycale and Ampelus. Mysia 

 contained a Cimmeris, a Thymbris and a Thymbrium. Mallus repro- 

 duces a feature in the nomenclature of Cilicia. Callicolona, Troas 

 and Tragasse set forth Chalcol and Darda. The Tragassean salt pan 

 recalls the Tarichseas of Palestine and Africa, which were pickling 

 stations, and, taken together with the supposed meaning of Malaga 

 as the town of salt and the occupation of its inhabitants, suggests an 

 association of Mahalah and Darda.*" Lydian history affords valuable 

 aid in the work of identification. In the time of Atys, the Lydians, 

 compelled by famine, emigrated from Smyrna to Umbria, thus carrying 

 with them their Zimrite name.®^ Meles and Tmolus appear in difierent 

 lists as Lydian kings.*^ They are the same person, who is Mahalah. 

 An obscure narration concerning Tmolus, taken in connection with 

 similar stories that will yet meet us, confirm this statement. The Abbe 

 Banier says : " Tmolus, King of Lydia, if we may credit Clytophon, 

 was the son of the god Mars and the nymph Theogena, and, accord- 

 ing to Eustathius, of Sipylus and Eptonia. One day as that prince 

 was hunting, he perceived one of Diana's companions who was named 

 Arriphe. The king, bent on gratifying his passions, eagerly pursued 

 that young nymph, who, that she might not fall into his hands, 

 thought to find a sanctuary in the temple of Diana. Arriphe was 

 violated at the feet of the altar. So cruel an outrage plunged her into 

 the deepest anguish, and she would not survive the misery that had 

 befallen her. The gods did not allow her death to be unpunished. 

 Tmolus, carried off by a bull, fell upon stakes, whose points ran into 

 him and made him expire in the most exquisite pain. Thus perished 

 that prince, who was buried upon the mountain that went afterwards 

 by his name."^ It is in Palestine, at Abel Meholah, or in Chaldea, 

 that we must find the scene of this tragical, and, as will yet appeal-, 

 oft repeated story. The Lydian dynasty of the Mermnadse, and As- 

 calus, connected with the early history of that kingdom, illustrate the 

 relations of Zimran with Eshcol and Mamre.^ Claros, in the same 

 country, relates to the story of Amphilochus and Calchas.® The 

 most remarkable feature in Lydian history, however, is that which 



80 Anthon's Class. Diet., Tariehssa ; Strab. xiii. 1, 4S ; Lenormant & Chevalier, ii. 178. 

 ^1 Herodot. i. 94. 



82 Rawlinson's Herodotus, App. Book i., Essay 1. Apollodorus ii. 6, 3. 



83 Banier ii. 404. 



84 Vide note 82, and compare note 99. 

 85. Strab. siv. 1, 27. 



