THE EASTERN ORIGIN OF THE CELTS. 297 



tomb was supposed to be in tbe Troade.^" Molion, the charioteer of 

 the Trojan Thymbrseus, presents an interesting union of Zimrite 

 names ; and Caria long retained a love for that of Mahalah.®^ If the 

 Cimmerians and Treres overran this part of Asia Minor diiring the 

 historical period, it must have been, like the Galatians, to regain a 

 former home. 



Passing over into Europe, Thrace first engages our attcmtion. Is- 

 marus, Himserium and Tempyra preserved the name of Zimran; 

 Sestos, Satise and Astica that of Ishod ; Abdera, Agora and the Ag- 

 rianes that of Abiezer or Ezer ; and Melas, Ampelus and Naiilochus 

 those of Mahal ah and Moleketh. Darda finds many memorials, as in 

 the Dorssei, Treres, Doriscus, Drys, Tirizis, Tyrodiza, &c. ; and it is 

 possible that the very name Thracia came from the form Darag. It 

 is true that the name Zamolxis is not very like Malialah, yet as he 

 is called the teacher of transmigration to the Druids, and as a god of 

 the Thracians, I incline to the belief that they are the same person.^^ 

 Thamyris, the blind Thracian bard, unites the character of Zimran 

 and the Homeridse with a name like that of the Phoenician Demaroon 

 or Baal-Thamar.®^ Macedonia contained comparatively few Zimrite 

 names, for Gileadites occupied a great part of the country. Still Com- 

 brsea. Satis, Schiate, Pissantani and ^gestea, Abderites and Agri- 

 anes, ^monia and Den-his appear as records of Zimran, Ishod, Ezer, 

 Heman and Dara. What is wanting in Macedonia, Thessaly supplies. 

 Zimran lives in Amyrus, Ambrysus and Chimajrium; Ishod in 

 Hestiseotis, Phsestus and Sciathos ofi" the Thessalian coast ; Ezer in 

 Azorus; Mahalah in Melia, Mallcea, Milse, Melas, Homolium and 

 other places ; Heman in ^monia ; Chalcol in (Echalia, lolcos, Igli- 

 aco; and Darda in Tricca, Titarus, Titaresius, Dyi-as and the Dry opes. 

 The Melian territory of Thessaly was possessed at an early period by 



of Thothmes III., others in the time of Moses, and Mr. Gladstone long before 1209 B.C., when 

 Sidon was destroyed. The Lycians, Mysians, Dardanians and other peoples who afterwards 

 iiettled in Asia Minor, were at Chat period found in Palestine warring with the Hittites against 

 Egyptian supremacy. We must look for the old Ilium not in the Troade but in Palestine, the 

 scene of nearly aU the wars of the same age, and must connect it with the declension of the 

 Egyptian monarchy. The topography of the Troade is far from according with that of the 

 Homeric poems, and Mr. Gladstone is justified in stating that the old poet was all astray in 

 his geography, if any point in Asia Minor be the scene of his epics, or the stand-point from 

 which he surveyed the world. 



so Iliad, ii. 793. 



f"! lb. xi. 320-2. Strab. xiv. 2, 13, &c., gives Malaca, Melon, Meneeles, Mausolus, &c. 



32 Maio-zimalka in Babylonia, which I have already connected with Hamnioleketh or Mahalah, 

 is a form that might give us Zamolxis. In this case Mahalah would take his mother's name. 



33 Philammon, the father of Thamyris, links him with the family of Bethlehem, with which 

 Zimran was united through his wife. Demaratiis, the Zimran of Etruria, was a Lucumo or 

 man of Beth-Lechenx, and Vetulonii sets forth the whole Hebrew name. 



