518 NATURE OP ROOTS AND WORDS, 



ings, and five treble ; single instances occurring of four, five, seven, 

 eight, and even nine meanings attached to roots identical in sound. 

 It will only be necessary to give the few following examples : — 



PA=" drink;" whence Skr. pi-hd-mi="J drink;" Gr. pe-po-ka, po-sis 

 (=:" drink "), &c. ; Lat. joo-tus, po-to, po-culum, &c. 



PA=" protect," " maintain," '' rule ; " whence Skr. pd-^ni^" I pro- 

 tect;" Gr. po-sis (^"husband"), des-poi-na, des-po-tes, po-tnia, 

 porter; Lat. pa-ter, po-tis, po-tens, po-tiri, pa-sco, pd-huluvi, &c. * 



DA="give," "divide," "bind." 



AD (a variety of da'?)=" eat," " smell," " hate." 



KAR, or kal (r and I being interchangeable)^" call," "do," "move," 

 " curl," " divide," " conceal," " cook," " gladden." 



II. — Variations of Meaning in Different Words Derived from the 

 Same Root, or from Different Roots Identical in Meaning. 



My illustrations under this head will be taken from Geiger's work,t 

 already so frequently referred to, and will be confined to derivatives 

 traceable to the single idea of " binding," as represented by different 

 roots, all containing that meaning. The root da:=" bind," mentioned 

 above, which occurs in the Gr. deo (whence diadem, and perhaps dei, 

 implying necessity), is referred by Geiger to an older form, dja. 

 "With this is closely connected the root da7n=^'' tame," whence, in 

 this signification, Lat. domare, dominus, &c. The primary significa- 

 tion was doubtless "bind," "join," &c., whence Gr. demas, "body," 

 "frame;" demos, "community," "people;" dam,ar, "wife" (con-jux); 

 demd, " build," and (iomos, "house;" Lat. domus. Corresponding to 

 this root c?am^"tam.e," we have the Skr. jam, with the same 

 signification. Then we have the root ju=" unite," " bind," to which 

 the same authority refers zonnumi, and to which may also be referred 

 the Lat. jus, and Engl, justice, jury, &c. Closely akin to this in 

 sound and meaning is the root jug, or jung, Lat. jungo, Gr. zeugnumi, 

 to yoke or harness, Lat. jugum (and con-jux), Germ, jock, Eng. yoke. 

 To dam and jam, Geiger adds another root, gam. Skr. dampatt and 

 gampati=" husband and wife ;" jama="twia" and gami=^" brothei-s 

 and sisters" (Geschwister), Lat. gemini. Skr. yam'i=" sister " and 

 "daughter-in-law;" for the latter we have also gdmd ; gdmdtri and 

 _/amS^ri^" son-in-law." With this are connected Gr. gamhros, Lat. 



* I only give derivatives with the first examples, as they are sufflciently well known to the 

 general student. 



t Op. eit., p. 80, et seqq. 



