PROTOTYPOGRAPHT. 585 



successor of Nicolas Jenson at Venice. The well-known badge of 

 the Aldine press, the Dolphin and Anchor, was adopted from a 

 medal of Titus Yespasianus, and is intrepreted by Erasmus in his 

 Adagia to denote the Latin Festina lente — " Be steady ; take your 

 time ;" advice of use in literary work. 



At Florence the Juntas or Giuntas were a typographical family 

 flourishing for several generations. Bernard and Philip were eminent 

 printers of this name. The device on the title pages of their books 

 was the Lily or Fleur-de-lis. 



At Basle, the Frobens, father and son, have a special interest as 

 the friends of Erasmus, and the printers of his works. The house of 

 John Froben was the home of Erasmus, when he took up his abode 

 in Basle. John Froben's wife was the daughter of the learned 

 Wolfgang Lachner, who like Marciis Heiland, Wolfgang Museulus, 

 QEcolampadius, and Erasmus himself, was a corrector and reviser in 

 Froben's office. Froben's son-in-law, Nicholas Bischoif (Episcopius). 

 was also a notable printer. The Utopia of our own Sir Thomas More 

 was printed at Basle by John Froben in 1519, and the Encoviiuni 

 Morice in 1522, the work in the title of which Erasmus amusingly 

 plays on More's name. Holbein drew the illusti'ations which form 

 so essential a part of this book. Many other works printed by 

 Froben were also enriched by the genius of Holbein, who designed 

 and executed elaborate and most beautiful borders and other orna- 

 mental woodcuts for them. The ready graver of Holbein has not 

 only made his own countenance familiar to us, and those of Erasmus 

 and More and other historic pereonages, but also that of John Froben, 

 the great printer. Copies of Holbein's portrait of the latter may be 

 seen well engraved in Knight's Life of Erasmus, and also in Wolt- 

 mann's Holbein and his Time. 



At Lyons, the printers Gryphii were famous for several genei-ations : 

 Sebastian, Antony, John, the last at Venice. The device on their 

 title pages is a griffin and winged ball or globe. 



At Paris, the illustrious typogi^apbic dynasty of the Stephani 

 took its rise. In England the Stephani would be spoken of as the 

 Stephenses. In their own vernacular they were Les Estiennes. 

 Tlie first of the name, eminent as a printer and scholar, was Henry, 

 bom at Paris, 1470. This Henry is styled Heniy I. to distinguish 

 him from Henry II., a successor a few years later. Francis, Charles, 

 and Robert Stephens, also priiiters, were his sons. Robert was a 



