PROTOTYPOGRAPHY. 597 



mother," who also, as we have seen, was a patroness of Caxton ; and 

 on the occasion of the death of this princess the funeral sermon pro- 

 nounced over her remains by Fisher, Bishop of Rochester, was printed 

 at the press of Wynkyn de Worde. This interesting printer died in 

 1534, and was buried in St. Bride's, Fleet Street. 



Another assistant of Caxton's, Richard Pynson, a Norman by 

 birth, but naturalized in England by letters patent, had established 

 himself independently as a printer, first, just outside Temple Bar, 

 and secondly, in Fleet Street, at the sign of the George. Lady 

 Margaret, the king's mother, patronized him likewise, as also did her 

 son Henry YII. In his colophons Pynson styles himself " Printer 

 iinto the King's noble grace." After the death of Henry, his son 

 and successor Henry YIII. continued to him the same title, and 

 Pynson had the honour of printing the king's treatises against Luther 

 which acquired for him the title of Defender of the Faith. Among 

 the 215 works or editions issued by Pynson were the Chronicles of 

 Froissart, and the editio princeps of the Promptuarium Parvulorum, 

 a famous Latin-English dictionary. Pynson died in 1529. Two 

 other printers said to have been brought over from the Continent by 

 Caxton afterwards became distinguished on their own account, Lettou 

 and John Machlinia. 



It is not my intention to note with minuteness the English 

 typographers who came after Caxton and his co-labourers. Between 

 1477 and 1500 there were one hundred and ninety master printers 

 in London. Notary and Facques are early names on the list. There, 

 as elsewhere, presses pass from father to son. Thus in the period 

 mentioned, there are two Walleys, three Wolfes, three Wyers, three 

 Powells, three Jugges, including the widow of one, thi'ee Halls, three 

 Herfords, two Hills, two Coplands, two Days, two Alders, two 

 Barkers, two Jacksons, two Whites. Day and Grafton, Wolfe and 

 Wight, are especially eminent. The works printed are for the most 

 part of the same nature as those issued by Caxton and his compeers — 

 church books, school books, law books, medical books, classics, books 

 of sports, fiction (poetry and prose) ; and it is a significant fact that 

 Bibles are now added. The printers' places of business continue to be 

 known by signs, the Mermaid, the St. John the Evangelist, the Holy 

 Trinity, Our Lady of Pity, Maiden's Head, Brazen Serpent, the Well 

 and Two Buckets, Lucretia Romana, White Horse, White Bear. At 

 Oxford Theodore Rood of Cologne was printing in 1480, with a 



