AND AFFINITIES OF THE GORILLA. 247 



breadth of the ear is above the concha, in which the ' incisura intertragica ' is less deep 

 than in Man. 



The hairy part of the scalp is continued to the superorbital prominence, the hairs 

 becoming gradually shorter to that part ; thence the hair-clad skin is continued outward 

 and downward upon the sides of the deep cheeks, where the hair is long : it becomes 

 rapidly shorter upon the upper lip and as it approaches the margin of the lower 

 lip : but there is no excessive development of hair in the positions of the Human whiskers 

 and beard [nor are these more marked in the old male Gorilla]'. The naked parts of 

 the skin of the face are much wrinkled, and these are deep where related to the action 

 of the well-developed cutaneous muscles corrugating the eyebrows and moving the 

 eyelids and the alse nasi. 



The chest is of great proportional capacity, and the shoulders are very wide across. 

 The profile of the trunk behind describes a slight convexity from the nape, which 

 projects beyond the occiput, downward to the sacrum : the blade-bones slightly project ; 

 but there is no inbending at the loins, which seem wanting. The abdomen is prominent 

 both before and at the sides. The pectoral regions are slightly marked, and show the 

 pair of nipples placed as in the Chimpanzee and Man. In the male the penis (PI. XLVI. 

 fig. 2) is short and subconical ; the prepuce is devoid of fraenum ; the scrotum is 

 broader and more sessile than in Man ; the perineum is longer, the anus being placed 

 further back than in Man (ib.). There is no trace of ischial callosities. The glutei are 

 better developed and give more of the appearance of nates (PI. XLVI. fig. 1) than in 

 any other anthropoid Ape, but they do not project so as to meet beyond the anus and 

 conceal it. 



The chief deviations from the Human structure are seen in the limbs, which are of 

 great power, the upper ones prodigiously strong, making by comparison the legs, 

 through the want of " calves," look feeble. 



The first characteristic is the almost uniform thickness of each segment of the limb : 

 this is seen in the arm, from below the short deltoid prominence to the condyles, 

 neither biceps nor triceps making any definite swelling : a like uniform thickness is 

 seen in the antibrachium from below the olecranon to the wrist : the leg increases 

 a little in thickness from the knee to the ankle (PI. XLVI. fig. 1) : the short thigh 

 shows some decrease as it descends ; but there is a general absence of those par- 

 tial muscular enlargements which impart the graceful, varying curves to the outlines 

 of the limbs in Man. Yet this, upon dissection, is found to depend rather on excess 

 than defect of development of the carneous as compared with the tendinous parts 

 of the limb-muscles, which thus continue of almost the same size from their origin to 

 their insertion, with a proportionate gain of strength to the beast. 



The difference in the length of the upper limbs between the Gorilla and Man is but 



' The passages within brackets, relating to the full-grown male Gorilla, have been added to the original 

 paper from observations of the well-preserved skins purchased by the British Museum of Mr. duCh8ilhi,inl86I. 



