48 ON THE SPECIES OP FAVOSITES OF THE 



are stated to be in one, two, or three rows (Milne Edwards and 

 Haime, and Billings) ; but I have not succeeded in detecting their 

 arrangement in any of the Canadian examples which have come 

 under my own notice. According to Milne Edwards and Haime, 

 also, there are twelve well developed septa, but these are indetermin- 

 able in the Canadian specimens. This species may turn out, as sug- 

 gested by Mr. Billings, to be identical with F. Gothlandica, but its 

 distinctive characters can usually be recognised with such ease as to 

 justify placing it under a separate specific title. There can be no 

 hesitation, however, in following Mr. Billings in his refusal to adopt 

 the genus Emmonsia, proposed by Edwards and Haime to receive 

 this species, and founded simply upon the incomplete condition of the 

 tabulae. 



Locality and For'mation. — Common in the Corniferous Limestone 

 of Ridgeway, Port Colborne, and many other localities in Western 

 Ontario. 



Y. Fayosites turbinata (Billings). 



" Corallum forming elongate turbinate masses, sometimes two feet 

 in length and six inches in diameter, often curved at the base. Coral- 

 lites nearly of a uniform size, usually somewhat less than a line 

 in width ; transverse diaphragms thin, flat, flexuous, complete or 

 incomplete. Only one row of pores has been observed. Whole 

 surface, except the upper part, covered with a strong epitheca which 

 closes the mouth of the cells." — (Billings.) 



There can be no question as to the specific distinctness of this most 

 remarkable species, the most singular representative of the genus. 

 The form of the colony varies much, but is in typical specimens that 

 of a straight or curved cone, which varies in length from less than 

 an inch up to two feet. Other examples are more or less cylindrical, 

 either straight, like Orthoceratites, or more commonly curved or 

 twisted, and of irregular diameter. Other specimens, again, are 

 irregularly curved masses, which look like large potatoes. 



In perfectly preserved specimens, the whole of the colony except 

 the upper surface is covered by a thinner or thicker epitheca, which 

 seals up the calices of the corallites. The summit of the colony is 

 usually somewhat cup-shaped (though this may not be a natural 

 appearance) ; and it is only here that the corallites are open. In 

 most specimens the epitheca is smooth, and is sufiiciently thin to 

 allow of the walls of the corallites to be distinctly traced through it. 



