164 THE SHEPHERD KINGS OF EGYPT. 



tribes and mountains preserve that of his father.* It is also found 

 in the Wady Khalil with which Khulasa or Elusa must necessarily 

 be associated, these being simply modified and softened forms of the 

 word. This wady is in the region of Gerar and Beersheba where 

 Abimelech dwelt, and the name of Elusa is substituted in the Arabic 

 version of the book of Genesis for Gerar.^ It is most natural to find 

 a river bearing the name Khalil, as it corresponds with the application 

 of Nahaliel in the land of Moab to a stream of like character, and as 

 it appears that the name of Nahalol in Zebulun was applied to a tribu- 

 tary of the Kishon, which flowed past it. Zebulun himself seems to 

 have married into a Philistine family, for two of his sons, Elon and 

 Jahleel, have Philistine names, the latter being derived from- 

 Jehaleleel. Dimnah also, with Elon and Nahalol in Zebulun (Joshua 

 xxi. 34,) show some analogy to Elon, Timnath, Halhul and Timnah 

 (Joshua xix. 43 ; xv. 57, 58,) in Dan and Judah. A still better 

 connection, however, for Jehaleleel is found in the Hebrew of Isaiah 

 xiv. 12, where the expression "Lucifer, son of the morning," is 

 Helel, son of Shachar, the latter word being the same as that united 

 with the name of Zereth. Reasons will yet appear to justify the 

 supposition that the j)rophet made use of historical fact to illustrate 

 the fall of Babylon, or that the name employed by him had at one 

 time histox-ical significance. 



Ziph, the eldest son of Jehaleleel, gave his name, — which means 

 " flowing," and is akin to Zepheth, jin'ilc/i or naphtha (the latter words 

 being identical), — to a town in Judah, mentioned in Joshua xv. 55, 

 1 Samuel xxiii. 14, &c., 2 Chron. xi. 8, and to another town in the 

 south (Joshua xv. 24). The former Ziph is a place of caves. The 

 forms of this root, in which Tzade takes the place of Zain and which 

 retain the same primary meaning, are worthy of attention. Such are 

 Zephath and Zephathah, the latter near Mareshah. Now (1 Chron. 

 ii. 42,) Mesha, another father of Ziph, and Mareshah, the father of 

 Hebron, are united. The name Mesha only occurs once again in 

 Scripture as that of a Moabite king (2 Kings iii. 4,) to whose history 

 the recent discovery of the Moabite stone has turned the attention of 

 the Christian world. Other connecting terms are Achzib, now Dsib, 

 which designates a town in Asher (Joshua xix. 29; Judges i. 31), 



* Vide Palmer's Desert of the Exodus and article on " The desert ot the Tih and the country 

 of Moab " In the Quarterly Statement (January, 1S71,) of the Palestine Exploration Fund. 

 6 Robinson's Biblical Researches, 1. 202. 



