THE SHEPHERD KINGS OF EGYPT. 165 



and one in Jndali (Joshua xv. 44; Micali i. 14), iinited with 

 Mareshah, and a phice called ISTezib. The town of Judah is pi^obably 

 the same as that known as Chezib and Chozeba (Genesis xxxviii. 5; 

 1 Chron. iv. 22), which, in the latter reference, shows Moabite 

 relationships, tlius confirming what has already more than once 

 presented itself — -the ethnical identity of Moab's earliest population 

 with those of parts of Judfea and the region to the north of Carmel. 

 We do not find any Ziphs in Moab, but Zophim is the name of the 

 place to which Balak brought Balaam that he might curse Israel, 

 and to the north iii the land of Gilead is Zaphon (Numbers xxiii. 14 j 

 Joshua xiii. 27). This last named town is situated to the west of a 

 wide district called Mizpeh, a name applied to two regions at least 

 beyond Jordan, in Gad and Reuben or of Gilead and of Moab, 

 (Judges xi. 29; 1 Samuel xxii. 3). Thei'e is a Mizpeh (Joshua xi. 3,) 

 farther to the north under Hermon ; another (Joshua xv. 38,) in 

 Jvidah ; and a still more famous one than any yet mentioned (Joshua 

 xviii. 26,) in Benjamin. With the latter, Gilgal is associated, and 

 this word, with Galilee, is but a form of the name Jehaleleel. Galilee 

 of the Philistines occurs in Joshua xiii. 2, Joel iii.. 4, and in the 

 apocryphal 1 Maccabees v. 15. The Septuagint agrees with our 

 English version in translating the Geliloth of Joshua by " borders," 

 but renders the same expression in Joel " Galilaia." A king of the 

 nations of Gilgal fell before the arms of Joshua (Joshua xii. 23), and 

 his territory seems to have been not far from Carmel. With Ziph, 

 since Zain and Samech are often interchanged, we may also possibly 

 connect Suph (Deut. i. 1), a name of the Red Sea as it is supposed, 

 and intimately related to Baal Zephon (Exodus xiv. 2). A similar 

 form is presented in Saph or Sippai (2 Samuel xxi. 18; 1 Chron. xx. 

 4), the name of a Philistine giant spoken cf together with Goliath of 

 Gath. All that has been said in regard to Ziph applies to the name 

 of the daughter of Jehaleleel, Ziphah, which difiers only by the 

 addition of a final lie. Tiria is very hard to identify geographically. 

 It is possible that Atharim in the south country (Numbers xxi. 1,) 

 and Jattir in Judah (Joshua xv. 48,) may be reminiscences of this 

 brother of Ziph. Beyond Jordan the regions called Bithron 

 (2 Samuel ii. 29,) and Edrei (Numbers xxi. 33,) may give corrup- 

 tions of this name. Even Tirzah (Joshua xii. 24,) and the place 

 from which the Tirathites of 1 Chron. ii. 55 came, should not 

 be disregarded, although I am far from asserting that these, or 



