168 THE SHEPHERD KINGS OP EGYPT. 



tke latter being situated upon tlie river Kanah (JosKua xvi. 8), 

 corresponding in name witli a Kanah (Josliua xix. 28) not far from 

 Tyre,— -can be derived from it without any etymological difficulty. 

 The sons of this Kenaz are Othniel and Seraiah. The former name 

 continued in the family, and (Joshua xv. 17,) designates the son of 

 another Kenaz, who is the brother of Caleb, the son of Jephunneh. 

 From Judges i. 1 3 ; iii. 9, we learn that Kenaz was the youngei* 

 brother of Caleb, and he certainly is not the Kenaz of 1 Ghron. iv. 13. 

 I have not found any place in Palestine named after him, with the 

 exception of Sitnah, w-hich may perhaps, like other places mentioned 

 in the history of the patriarchs, have been used (the name being 

 previously in existence) to denote the circumstances connected with 

 its history in the days of Isaac (Genesis xxvi. 21). He may, however, 

 have been the first to name this locality. My reason for supposing 

 it possible that Sitnah might be a reminiscence of the elder Othniel, 

 is that his name in the Septuagint, Godoniel, is the Greek Sthenelus, 

 the Irish O'Donnell, the Scotch Donald, the Sclavonic Stanislas and 

 the Gnostic Sathanael, which gives us the Hebrew Satan without the 

 final el. Reasons will yet appear for this remarkable application of a 

 name belonging to the family of one of the most perfect chai'acters of 

 Bible story. In the meantime I may simply premise by stating that 

 the Adonis river of Phoenicia likewise commemorates the elder 

 Othniel and the Tammuz whose worship was abhorred. With Othniel 

 are connected as his descendants Hathath, Meonothai and Ophrah. 

 The first of these is the same word as Heth or Cheth, with redupli- 

 cation of the final letter.- Meonothai is of the same root as Maon, 

 which has appeared as the name of a descendant of an older Caleb, 

 the brother of Jerahmeel. In Ophrah, however, we find something 

 distinctive, and by which we are enabled in a measure to trace the 

 history of his. descendants. His name is mentioned (Joshua xviii. 23 ; 

 1 Samuel xiii. 17,) as that of a town in Benjamin, for which, in 

 Micah i. 10, we read Beth Leoi^hrah. It also appears (Judges vi. II; 

 viii. 32,) designating a town of the Abiezrites. The brother of 

 Othniel is Seraiah, and his nam.e is by no means an uncommon one. 

 It may, perhaps, connect geographically with Sirion, the Sidonian 

 name for Hermon. His son was Joab, who was the father of the 

 valley of the Charashim. In ISTehem. xi. 35, this valley of the crafts- 

 men is joined with Lod and Ono. Its name occiirs again (Judges iv. 2,) 

 as Harosheth of the Gentiles. The wood of Hareth (1 Samuel xxii. 5,) 



