THE SHEPHERD KINGS OF EGYPT. 169 



in Judah is identical in form -with tlie Harash of 1 Chron. iv. 14. 

 Joab, who is called the father of the valley of the craftsmen or 

 Charashim, may have left its title to the Ataroth Beth Joab of 

 1 Chron. ii. 54. In Gad, or the region of Moab, there were two 

 places called Ataroth (ISTumbers xxxii. 34,) and Ataroth Shophan 

 (v. 35.) In Ephraim lay another Ataroth, sometimes called Ataroth 

 Adar (Joshua xvi. 5, 7, &c.) It is possible that Ataroth Beth Joab 

 was in the territory of Judah. Ataroth itself as a proper name first 

 appears in Atarah (1 Chron. ii. 26,) who was the wife of Jerahmeel 

 and the mother of Onam either by him or by Shobal the Horite 

 (Genesis xxxvi. 23). The fact of Ono lying in the vicinity of Ataroth 

 and the valley of the craftsmen may indicate some real relationship 

 between this branch of the line of Kenaz and that of Onam. It is 

 worthy of note that Lod and Ono, with the towns thereof, were 

 built by Eber, Misham and Shamed, sons of Elpaal and grandsons of 

 one Shaharaim ( an Ashchurite name), who begat Elpaal and other 

 sons in the country of Moab (1 Chron. viii. 8, 12). 



There is another family which naturally connects itself with the 

 Ashchiirite line. It is that of Arba. This was the name of the city 

 in which Ephron the son of Zohar dwelt, for we learn that Hebron is 

 Kirjath Arba (Genesis xxiii. 2). The only Arba of whom Ave read is 

 the father of Anak, who was himself the father of Sheshai, Ahiman 

 and Talmai, whom Caleb drove out of Hebron (Joshua xv. 13, 14). 

 Aruboth (1 Kings iv. 10), connected with the land of Hepher, is 

 probably another place which takes its name from this ancient hero. 

 His son Anak gives name to the Anakim spoken of in many parts of 

 the Pentateuch, a remnant of whom survived in Philistia (Joshua xi. 

 21, 22). These Anakim seem to have descended from the Eephaim 

 who dwelt originally in Ashteroth Karnaim (Genesis xiv. 5), and of 

 whom (Deut. iii.ll,) Og is said to have been the last in that land. 

 There was a valley of the Eephaim south-west of Jerusalem (Joshua 

 XV. 8, xviii. 16 ; 2 Samuel v. 18, 22 ; Isaiah xvii. 5), and it is this 

 valley which Jeremiah (xlvii. 5,) connects with Ashkelon. The 

 Philistine family to which Saph belonged is that of the Eephaim 

 (1 Chron. XX. 4). Beth Eapha is mentioned (1 Chron. iv. 12,) as a 

 house descended from Eshton, the son of Mehir, the son of Chelub 

 who is brother of a certain Shuah. Another Eapha (1 Chron. viii. 2,) 

 is given in a remarkable genealogy as a son of Benjamin. We do 

 not find the Anakim positively connected with the Eephaim^ but 

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