THE SHEPItERB KINGS OF EGYPT. 185 



a reminiscence of his family. ^^ Tasacarta or Tacasarta may memorialize 

 him or his son Achashtari, but Mount Ascar presei'ves his name to 

 the present day. Djebel Attaka does not meet us in the ancient 

 geographies of Egypt, but, lying as it does over against Sakkarah, I 

 cannot but think that it is an old name revived, as is so frequently the 

 case in the east, being a Tekoa with a mere vowel prefix. The other 

 names borne by this range are, as we shall see, all connected with 

 Ashchur's family. I have not found any memorial of Helah, the 

 wife of this distinguished monarch, but the fame of Naarah or 

 Nagarah, who left her name to Naarath or Nagarath of Palestine^ 

 survives in the well-known city Kaucratis, which, appropriately 

 enough, lay in the Saitic nome. I should mention that the Aphthitic 

 nome must, however unlikely it may appear, be derived from the 

 very Hebrew expression Abi Tekoa, being identical with the Bible 

 geographical name Jiplithach. 



I have already indicated that the Bible appellation ci the eldest 

 son of Ashchur presents difficulties in its connection with Egyptian 

 and other equivalents. Tlie root Achuz, without the terminations 

 in ajn or ath, occurs most frequently, but there are cases in which 

 the za77i forms an important part of the word, while in others z if 

 naturally changed to d and the final m made an initial letter, thus 

 completely disguising the original name. From Achuzam is derived 

 the word hak, signifying "a leader," and also the moi'e complete 

 expression Hijksos, which Josephus writes 'T/Moaauj:;. The name 

 Hyksos was thus originally confined to the family of Ashchur's first 

 son. He likewise gave their names to the mountain and region of 

 Casium, and to the place of the shepherds called Sachisu. His. 

 father and he fitly appear in company, leaving their seal of nomen- 

 clature on Sakkarah and Gizeh respectively, as well as on Mount 

 Ascar and Mahazeh, which lies to: the south of it. The name of 

 Achuzam was carried (doubtless, long after his death) into Upper 

 Egypt, and survives in the Mt. "Aias and Wady Jasoos in the region 

 of Cosseir. After the expulsion of the Shepherds, mention is made 

 of his line on the Statistical Table of Karnak, in which Tothmes III.. 

 speaks of Jukasa in the land of the Tahae or Taochi.^^ Mr. Cox 

 has identified the Indian Ahi with the Sphinx of Gi-ecian and Egyp- 

 tian story. '^ The Egyptian Sphinx proper is at Gizeh, and bears the 



27 D'Anville Geog. Anc. 211. 



28 Kenrick, ii. 192. 



so Mythology of the x\ryaii Nations, ii. 326, Ac. 



8 



