THE SHEPHERD KINGS OF EGYPT. 231 



Cassiotis in Syria. Movers rightly liolds that the Hycsos passed 

 along the north of Africa and became Numidians and Mauretanians. 

 Besides TJsous and Taautus, Sanchoniatho mentions a Cassius, who 

 named the Egyptian mountain, and in whom we. must also find a 

 tradition of Achuzam. Sousim, the sacred horses of the Cartha- 

 ginians, derive their divinity from the same connection. 



Hepher is probably Hypsuranius, the brother of Usous according 

 to Sanchoniatho. He is also the lord of the Cabiri. Cinyras, Adonis 

 and similar names commemorate his descendants in the line of Kenaz 

 and Othniel, and many localities in Phoenicia preserve his memory. 

 Ciman or Mas Timan, a god of the Moors, like Temen-bar and 

 riman-hor, at once refers us to Temeni. 



Achashtari still appears the most famous of the sons of Ashchur. 

 Tn the Phoenician theogony he is Sydyk — not Mizor, as Guigniaut has 

 supjDosed, but the principal son of Mizor. He is the head of the 

 Shethite line of Egypt, who worshi[jped the god Soutech. Sanchoni- 

 •itho gives him Asclepius for a son. I do not know who this is. It 

 may be Chelub the brother of Shuah, or, as probably, finding 

 -Asclepius in Esmun, the Shimon of 1 Chron. iv. 20. I need not 

 apologize for the well-known connection of the names Caleb and 

 ^sculapiu^s. The maritinie associations of Sydyk accord strikingly 

 with the story of Usous as the fii-st to venture out to sea, although I 

 believe it is among the sons of Helah, the Shairetaan and Tocchari, 

 that we must look for the earliest navigators, rather than to Ach- 

 ashtari and Achuzam, whom these names represent. Still, as we 

 have in part seen, and shall yet see more fully, the name of Achash- 

 tari is generally associated with the first ship, and with the deluge 

 which rendered it necessary. Xisuthi-us, Satyavrata, Tashter and 

 Sadurn unite the Babylonian, Indian, Persian and Celtic legends 

 witli the Phoenician in this respect, and the fleet of Sesostris is a 

 remnant of the same story. The Cassiterides or tin islands derived 

 their name first of all from the Phoenician deity, although the Greeks 

 applieji the same term to iron, in the form sideros. Tysdrus, in the 

 Roman pi'ovince of Africa, is a word like Tashter and Tvashtar, com- 

 memorating the same son of Ashchur. The two-horned Astarte of 

 the Phoenicians is plainly the Ashteroth Karnaim, which we have 

 already more than once connected with Achashtari. 



Zereth is the chief of the Punic divinities. Movers connects 

 Zerinthia and Zaretis with Zohar or Zorus of Carthage, and Guig- 



