234 THE SHEPHERD KINGS OF EGYPT. 



Ashdiurite connections alone to make plain the entire early history 

 of the peoples among whom traces of this family are found. This 

 paper is thus merely a contribution to the history of early civilization 

 and the settlement of nations. 



Persia.^^ — The history of Persia is the history of at least two 

 ruling races. The Achaemenian family, as I have shown in a former 

 paper, was purely Horite, and this fact misled me in regard to the 

 parentage of earlier monarchs whose names have a place in the 

 Persian records. Thus, while properly identifying Grilshah with 

 Abimelech king of Gerar, I committed the grave error of making a 

 Philistine ruler a son of Shobal the Horite, I was, for the same 

 reason, tempted to find iii Ormuzd an ancient Horus. It has been 

 well proved that Ahura Mazda is the Sanskrit Asura or head of the' 

 Ashchurites; the Devs, who are of Siva or Shobal, being the evil spirits 

 of his reign. The region in which Ormuzd or Ahura Mazda dwelt 

 was Sakhter, an Ashchurite word. Nanaia was his daughter, and 

 Zerouane Akherene connects with him. Now Nanaia is the Baby- 

 lonian ISTana or Ishtar, the Asura, who had a fane at Asshvir, and 

 the Greek Nana, daughter of Sangarius (Saggarios or Ashchur, the 

 Sinkharib of the Mohammedan writers), who connects with Proser- 

 pine and Zirbanit, and "With Saranyu, daughter of Tvashtar, in the 

 Indian mythology. Zerouane is the Zervan given as son of Xisuthrus, 

 and Akhei-ene relates to Ashtaroth Karnaim, a word in which we dis- 

 cover a union of Satvirn and Kronos. Oxyartes of Bactria, whose 

 name Hyde makes Achshur, is very probably the father of Tekoa or 

 Taoce, with which Dahak may have connections. Meshia and 

 Meshiane, the first Persian pair, may probably represent the Scandi- 

 navian Ask and Embla, the former of whom is unmistakeably 

 Ashchur, while the Pibas tree out of which they came brings in the 

 line of Arba. Sapandomad, united with them, being as a month the 

 equivalent of the Assyrian and Hebrew Sivan, seems to point to Ziph 

 or Typhon. Meshia might give Mesha, the father of Ziph, whose 

 relations are not yet clearly established. Zohak or Ashdahak, whose 

 name and Tasi relationships indicate Ashchurite connection, is never- 

 theless a son of Ulvanus or Alvan the Horite, and must, I think, be 

 Jachath. 



16 For tlie facts recorded under this head, see the Shah Nameh, Dabistan, Chronicle of 

 Mirkhond, Hyde's Rellgio Veterum Persarum, with the Manuals referred to above ; Russell's 

 ■Connection, by Wheeler; and the Supplementary Chapters in Rawlinson's Herodotus. 



