250 THE SHEPHERD KINGS OF EGYPT. 



related, and tlieir relations will be found to lie principally within the 

 family of Hepher. The Cyprians have been long connected with the 

 Hittites, of whom Oitium is a reminiscence. 



Chios and Cos seem to preserve, — the one the name of Achuzam, 

 the other that of Coz, the father of Anub or OEnopion, who connects 

 with both islands; tbe legends concerning Bacchus being made up of 

 the history of the son of Ashchur and that of the son of Ammon. 



Crete next demands attention. Many of its traditions are those 

 of the Horite families. I cannot doubt that the original Minos is 

 Manahath, but Ammon, Meonothai and Jamin, the son of Ram, have 

 been at times confounded with this ancient monarch. Many families, 

 however, inhabited this island, and among them the Ashchnrites 

 occupied no inconspicuous position. Macaris, an ancient name of 

 Crete, and Cres, its first monarch, are probably forms of the name of 

 Ashchur. The name Crete, however, is that of the Bible Creti or 

 Cherethites, between whose original coast and the Carthaginian 

 settlement of the family of Zereth it lay. Several writers have 

 identified the Cherethites and Cretans, but all have, as it seems most 

 unnecessarily and unreasonably, deduced the former from the latter. 

 In Achuzam we find Aeacus, the assessor with Minos in Hades. The 

 Achaeans of Crete are his descendants, and the Cosmi or magistrates 

 of the island retained his name, which survived also in Cisamus and 

 other designations of places. Plutus, born among the Cretans, is 

 Jehaleleel his son, and he, in the r form of his name, is Prei-es son of 

 Cydon. This Cydon, wlio is Achuzam, is made a son of Tegeates, who 

 is the father of Tekoa, and the female name Acacallis connected with 

 him originally designated his son Jehaleleel. Hepher may be I'epre- 

 sented by the promontory Zephyrinm, also found in Cyprus ; while 

 Gonssus is undoubtedly a reminiscence of his son Kenaz. Asterins, 

 Xanthus, Taurus or Sandes, made a contemporary of the first Minos, 

 is Achashtari or Sheth, who is also Saturn or Cronos, Ashteroth and 

 Karnaim. Minos, son of Asterius, is Menu of Tvashtar and the 

 Mannus who connects with Tuisco. Perhaps he is Ammon. Europa. 

 is u.ndoubtedly Astarte. The Dymanes are of the family of Temeni, 

 who may be Atymnius, brother of Europa. In the Curetes we find 

 the descendants of Zereth, who gave his name to the mixed popula- 

 tion of this once celebrated island. The Eteocreti are the Tocchari, 

 or descendants of Zohar. Itanus and Titanus are probably memo- 

 rials of Ethnan. The Jardanus of Crete and Elis, like the Italian 



