262 THE SHEPHERD KINGS OF EGYPT. 



In tlie above connections tlie merest outline is necessarily given of 

 tlie historic and geographical traces of the Ashchnrites in Greece. A 

 respectable volume might easily be written on the connections of a 

 single state or tribe with that ancient family. All that I have 

 endeavoured at present to do is to show that the larger part of the 

 population of Hellas is derivable from the Hyksos of Egypt and the 

 Philistines of Palestine. This being conceded, the early legends of 

 Greece must be at once transferred to the regions inhabited by the 

 ancestors of those from whom we have received them, and primitive 

 universal history by their means be restored. Few readers would have 

 patience to follow me, did time and space jaermit, in exhibiting the 

 argument for each individual connection made. I am convinced, 

 however, that the great majority of them will be found to bear the 

 closest inspection, and not by one but by many links to bind the 

 individual Greek peoples and the Ashchurites in unity. 



Macedonia and Thrace. — Macedonia, the land of Chittim, derives 

 its name from Achuzam, the great Hittite. Macedo, whom Diodorus 

 connects with Osiris, and other writers with ^olus and Lycaon, is 

 this son of Ashchur. The Indian Magadha and the Palestinian 

 Megiddo must, I think, exhibit a similar corruption of the original 

 word to that which appears in Macedon. The Axius river recalls the 

 Syrian Axius or Typhon, and the Astraeus or Aestraeus, like the 

 Cayster, commemorates Achashtari. Chalcidice is a memorial of 

 Jehaleleel, although Sithonia, in all probability, like the district of 

 Aestraea, preserves the name of Sheth or Achashtari also. Assurus, 

 Ossa, Idomene and Cophus set forth Ashchur, Achuzam, Temeni and 

 Ziph. -^mathia is a transplanted Hamath. The Syrian city was 

 situated upon the Axius, and all its surroundings exhibit a wonderful 

 agreement with ^mathia and adjacent parts of Macedonia. Pieria, 

 Chalcidice, Cyrrhus, Edessa, Beroea, Arethiisa and a large number of 

 other places, prove that the Macedonians once dwelt in northern 

 Syria. The god of the Hamathites, called Ashima, was in all proba- 

 bility Achuzam or Macedo. This Ashima seems to have been the 

 same as Asmodeus, who is proved to be Achuzam by his name Sachr, 

 in which we find Ashchur, the name of his father. It is hard to say 

 what the connections of Hemath, the father of the house of Rechab, 

 are, or how he who gave its naine to Hamath or -^mathia relates to 

 the eldest son of Naarah. The Temenidae . who ruled in Macedonia 

 were of the family of Temeni, the brother of Achuzam, and their 



