270 THE SHEPHERD KINGS OF EGYPT. 



Tekoa, to tlie west of the Dead Sea, and south, of Bethlehem. Near 

 it we find the land of Hepher, the wilderness of Ziph, Maarah, Halhul, 

 Chezib, Kirjath Arba and other places, the names of which relate to 

 the Ashchurite story.^^ Here he must have subdued the Hamitic 

 Hittites, making them subjects, perhaps Helots, yet retaining their 

 name, as the conquerors of many lands both in ancient and modern 

 times have done. Ephron his grandson ruled the Hittites of Hebron 

 in the days of Abraham, so that we must place Ashchur two genera- 

 tions earlier than the interview between the Hebrew patriarch and 

 the son of Zohar. As the concurrent testimony of the Bible and 

 profane records establishes the longevity of the men of that period, 

 Ashchur may have flourished at the time of Abraham's birth, 137 

 years before. We may at least suppose him to have been the father 

 of Tekoa a century before his grandson Ephron became prince of 



86 Dr. Hyde Clarke, in his valuable paper on the Eelations of Canaanite Exploration to Pre- 

 Historio Classic Archaeology, published with the October (1871) Statement of the Palestine 

 Exploration Fund, identifies the following Ashchurite names of places with corresponding 

 terms in the geography of Caucasia, Armenia, Asia Minor, the Greek Islands, Greece including, 

 Thrace and Macedonia, Italy and Spain. I mention a few only out of a very large number 

 given by Dr. Clarke : 



Ashclmr as Sihor. — Sacora of .Cappadocia ; Sycyrium of Thessaly ; Schera of Sicily ; Dascyra 

 of Armenia ; Scyros ; Sicaraca, Secerrae and Sycron of Spain. 



Tekoa. — Dicaea of Thrace ; Tegea of Arcadia; Attica; Othoca of Sardinia ; Tucci, Tygia, 

 Attacum and Attegus of Spain. 



Naarali as Naarath, Naaran.^Nora, of Cappadocia ; Nariandus of Caria ; Narona of lUyria ;• 

 Nora of Sardinia ; Neretum of Apulia ; Nardinium of Spain. 



Achuzam as Shaliazimah, Asem, (Sta. — Oesyme of Macedonia; Segisama of Spain; Assos of 

 Mysia ; Cissa of Pontus and Thrace ; Casos ; Hysiae of Argos ; Agasus of Apulia ; Casinum of 

 Latium ; Assissium of Umbria. 



Eepher. — Cabeira of Pontus ; Cibyra of Pisidia and Cilicia ; Euphaera of Thessaly ; Cobrus 

 of Thrace ; Cyparissia of Arcadia ; Capraea and Cupra of Italy ; Capara of Spain. 



Temeiii as Temani and Timnath. — Timena of Paphlagonia : Domana of Pontus ; Tymnos of 

 Caria ; Tymna of Armenia ; Temnos of Mysia ; Thymnias of Caria ; Taminae of Euboea ; 

 Idomene of Acarnania and Macedonia. 



Achashtari as Ashteroth. — Asdara of Cappadocia; Sataros of Lycia; AstjTa and Setara oi 

 Mysia ; Sotira of Pontus ; Ostrus of Phrygia ; Stiria of Attica ; Saturnia of Etruria ; Ostra of 

 Umbria ; Astura of Latium ; Sutrium and Pistoria of Etruria. 



Zereth as' Zaretan, Zand, <£c. — Sardis of Lydia ; Saratra of Lycaonia ; Sarta of Macedonia; 

 Sardene of Caria ; Sardeva of Armenia ; Zortane of Thrace. 



Jehaleleel as Halhul, Nahaliel, Gilgal. — Halala of Cappadocia ; Halias of Argos ; Elis ; Elea 

 of Lucauia ; Alia of Spain ; Ali of Cilicia ; Nacoleia of Phrygia ; Anchiale of Thrace ; Golgoi of 

 Cyprus ; Aegila of Laconia ; Chalia of Boeotia ; CEchalia of Thessaly and Aetolia ; Chalcia of 

 Euboea, &c. ; Halicyae of Sicily ; Ooilis of Spain. 



Ziph. — Siva of Cappadocia ; Sabus of Armenia ; Zoba of Pisidia ; Siphon of Boeotia ; Siphaeum 

 of Bruttium ; Savia of Spain. 



Anub as Anai, Nebo, &c. — Anave, Nepea and Anabon of Phrygia ; Niobe (?Zobebah) of Lydia j 

 Aenope of Laconia ; Anaphe, Onoba and Anabis of Spain. 



To the same paper I refer for identifications of Mareshah; Hamath, Rekem, Tappuah^ Arba, 

 Hebron, Jabez, Charashim, Ethnan, Shema, Kenaz (Kenath) and other Ashchurite names. 



