PRIMITIVE HISTORY OP THE lONlANS. 403 



ruler in On or Heliopolis, but the chief divinity of tliat city to have 

 been Atmoo or Atbom, the Etam. of 1 Cliron. iv. 3, tlie father of 

 Jezi'eel or Osiris, the sown of God, and the eponym of the wide tract 

 on both sides of the Ked Sea known as Etham.*^ I have not been 

 able to see the papei's of Miss Fanny Corbeaux on " The Rephaim," 

 in which, according to Mr. Bonomi, " she has some ingenious specu- 

 lations to. prove that the Chaldean Oannes, the Philistine Dagon, and 

 the Mizraimite On are identical." But from the extracts in that 

 writer's valuable manual, it is evident that Miss Corbeaux has good 

 reasons for considermg the identity established.*^ On, whether it 

 designates Heliopolis, Tentyra or Hermonthis, or the name of a 

 monarch, is represented with the Cannes' and Dagonian figure of a 

 fish.*^ The solar character of the word also is as apparent in 

 Egypt as in Palestine, where Ono and Beth Shemesh go together, 

 or in Babylonia, where Anu unites with Shamas and similar solar 

 divinities. 



Of the antiqtiity and importance of On I need not speak, as these 

 are facts well kno^vn even to the most superficial student of Egyptian 

 history. We possess monumental evidence that An or Onnos was 

 the first king of the city which bore his name.*" His sway there 

 was, however, but a temporary one, for Usecheres or Ashchur, the 

 father of Tekoa, and the ancestor of the Shepherd line, invaded the 

 kuigdom of the Sun, and wrested Heliopolis from its monarch.*'' In 

 this act of warfare he was aided by his son Nesteres or Achashtari, 

 and one of the acts of the treaty of pacification was the marriage of a 

 daugliter of Onnos to Othoes or Aclmzam, the elder brother of 

 Achashtari., In my former paper on the Shepherd kings, I stated 



43 I cannot doubt that Osiris, wlioni the ancients associated, with primitive agriculture, and 

 in Tvhom many comparative pliilologers have found the "seed god," is the same as Jezreel. 

 The final el disajipears, as we have already seen, even in the modern form of the name of the 

 wide tract iu Palestine called after him. That Osiris has had attributed to him much that 

 bflongs to others, such as Othniel or Adonis and Abishur or Absyrtus, is evident. A thorough 

 investigation of the Egyptian monumental records will, I doubt not, prove that tlie father of 

 Osiris is Atliom-ra or Etam. When time permits I hope to be able to set forth the story of the 

 line of Etam, as gathered from themonuments and universal tradition. xVtmoo was considered 

 an older god than Ra, and Ra is Reaiah son of Shobal, and thus mucl) older than Guam. 



** Bonomi, Nineveh and its Palaces, 1805, p. 330. 



*» Osburn's ^llnnumental History of Egypt, i, 311. In regard to Tentyra I may here state 

 the rendering of the name given by Sir Henry Rawlinson in the Journal of the Asiatic Society, 

 1864, i. 1. According to him it is Din Tir or the "gate of life." Gates wiU yet appear largely 

 in the Onite connection. 



^^ Osirtasen I. is the earliest monarch who has left monuments, biit Onnos was his predecessor 

 and father-in-law. 



« Osburn, i. 401. 



