414: PEIMITIVE HISTORY OF THE IONIAN'S. 



at once recognizable in Euedocus or Oclacon, and his son JonatliaR 

 in Annedotus. Alorus, called in the same legend the first ruler of 

 Ohaldsea, is Alvan, son of Shobal, the 11 or Ra of Babylonia and 

 Egypt. ^^ Xisuthrus, who ajDpears during the same peiiod, is Sesos- 

 tris, whom I have supposed to be the father-in-law of Jonathan.®* 

 Urka, or Ui'choe, the city of Jerachmeel, is appropriately that of 

 Onam, or Anu, his reputed son. Anu is continually connected with 

 Dagon or his son Jadag, and frequently with his elder son, Shamas 

 or Shammai. In the old historical records of the Greeks, Onam's 

 name appears in the form Ninns, the Hebrew, Glial dee and Syriac 

 Nun, the fish, representing the Coptic An. The reality of this con- 

 nection is ajiparent in the names of the descendants of Ninus, his 

 son being Zames or Shammai, and his grandson Thurras, who is 

 Taurus, Shur, or Abishur.®® The valuable researches of Sir Henry 

 E-awlinson furnish us with a fourth link in the chain of evidence. 

 He points out that Bar-Shem is a name of Thurras, while identify- 

 ing the latter word with the Persian Thura of the month Thura- 

 vahar, and the Latin Taurus. Bar-Shem simply gives Thura or 

 Abi-Shur as the son of Shammai. Ninip, Thibbi, Givan or Kivan 

 are, however, named by Sir Heni-y as forms of Bar, and he does not 

 hesitate to associate them with Oannes.^" They really present us with 



87 The early monarch, or rather deity, of Babylonia seems to present in his name a comhina- 

 tion of the two equivalents, which appear equally in Egypt and Bahylcnia, for the Alvan and 

 Eeaiah of Genesis and Chronicles. I have already, in my paper on the Hontes, shewn his 

 relation to the Illyrian stoclt. From him, in the Alvan or Galyan form of his name, came the 

 Hellenes, whom Bryant erroneously identifies with the lonim. 



88 When I wrote my paper on the Shej^herd Kings I was not aware of a connection which has 

 since come to light. Zervan the son of Xisuthrus, Sarpedon the son of Asterius, Mihrah the 

 son of Zohak or Ashdahak, Coryhas of Jasion or Saturn, Visvarupa or Servara son of Tvashtar, 

 Cerberus of Typhon, with the Egyptian god Harijhre and the king Cerpheres, represent in ■ 

 the stories of Babylonia, Persia, Greece, India, and Egypt, Hareph or Chareph the father o 

 Beth Gader, after whom the Serbonian bog, Seriphus, Corfu and many other places were 

 named. AiS Harphre he is united with Mandou and Kitho, Mandou being his grandfather 

 Manahath, and Eitho the wife of his fatlier Achaslitari. Ehj^ia, the motlier of the Corybantes, is 

 the same Eitho, and from her Ehodes received its name, sire or her daughter being the original 

 Ehodope. Hierapytna of Crete founded by the Rhodian Corybas ; the presence of Phorba'Sj 

 Triopas and Cercaplius in Ehodes ; and many similar facts tend to justify the connection^ 

 Drepane, the old name of Corcyra or Corfu, is allied to the Greek harpe, a curved vjeapon, and • 

 both relate to the root of the Hebrew Chareph. The English word ci'op comes from the same 

 root, as well as the word harvest. Names as widely separated geographically as the Greek 

 Trophonius and the Germanic Aurboda have the same origin. The sister of Hareph bears 

 names agreeing in form with those of her father and brother, so that she may appear as Ishtar 



or as Zirpanit. 



80 See authorities in Eawlinson's Herodotus, App. Boole i. Essay x. Also Brj'ant's Analysis 

 vi. 204. Bushire may have taken its name from Abishur. 



'" Eawlinson's Herodotus, Ax:ip. Book i. Essay x. Kikupan is doubtless the same. •' 



