PRIMITIVE HISTORY OF THE lONIANS. 573 



any of tlie Vedas are identical, but that this old book was the fii-at 

 ever known by that name. The Atharva-Yeda should not be foreign 

 to Athor or Atarah, the grandmother of Jadag, and the divinity of 

 Tankera and Assa. So far the fish of An-ra, Oannes, Dagon and 

 Janus, has not met ua in Indian story. It ajapears, however, in the 

 Matsya Pui-ana, bearing the name Janardana.^^^ The connection of 

 Janardana with Yishnou, if the latter, as I have supposed, represent 

 Achuzam, may be that which has already appeared, the marriage of 

 Jonathan to a daughter of Achashtari. Of this, however, I am 

 doubtful. 



Jadag appears in the Buddhist legends. He is a Buddha ; not 

 the only one, for Etam or Athom was one and Achuzam was 

 another, but a very important Buddha nevertheless.''^ He is the 

 Buddha who is connected with Soma, who is called the son of Tara 

 wife of Brihaspati, just as Indra, his father, is found to have been. 

 He was of the race ^Anu-sakya, and Avas named Devata Deva, 

 recalling the Welsh Dyved and Hud. From Buddha came the 

 Pandoos, their father also being called Divodasa.^®^ It is impossible 

 to avoid the conclusion that the Athenian Butes, chief of the priests, 

 is the Buddha thus designated, and that Pandoo . is the second 

 Pandion who, in Greek mythical history, represents the Onite Jona- 

 than. Draupadi, the mother of the Pandoos, connects in name with 

 Zeripho or Semiramis of Ascalon, Zirpanit, and other names 

 denoting a daughter of Achashtari, Xisuthrus, Astei-ius, the father of 

 Chareph, Zervan, Sarpedon, etc., and we have found that Jonathan 

 married such a wife.^^® The war between the Kooroos and Pandoos, 

 in which the family of Nadab seems to have united with the former 

 against their kinsmen, is a struggle between the Cherethites and 

 Pelethites, which took place, doubtless, when the descendants of Jona- 



I9S Muir's Sauscrit Texts, Vol. i. Ch. ii, Section iii. Janardaaa must answer to the Chaldean 

 Annedotus. 



194 xhe legends concerning the ea,rly Buddhas are so interwoven that it is difficult to make 

 any use of the facts they contain for the elucidation of early historic notices. Etam, Achuzam 

 and Jadag, the two latter being contemporaries, are, I think, the three principal Buddhas. In 

 Etain we find the original Gautama. My paper on the Shepherd Kings contains some connections 

 of Achuzam and Buddha, which are untenable. Even the Egyptian Thoth, as relating 

 etymologically to tot, the hand, may refer more properly, so far as language is concerned, to 

 Jadag (jad, the hand) than to Achuzam. 



135 Pandoo, like Pandion, Pandrasus, Pendaran, Ac, is a Coptic form of Jonathan. Baneteren 

 is the name of an Egyptian monarch answering in form to these. Pontus, recalling the Fontus 

 of Janus, a region not deficient in the traces .of xhe Onite family, may have received its name 

 from tlie descendants of Jonathan. 



1SI6 yidc supra, note 88. 



