THE APPLE-TEEE. 69 



some of those pippins were planted by Lord Maschal at Plum- 

 stead, Essex. Tusser, in 1573, names many sorts. Gerard in 

 1597, in his folio History of Plants, mentions seven kinds of 

 pippins. Evelyn says in 1685, "at Lord Clarendon's seat, at 

 Swallowfield, Berks, there is an orchard of 1000 golden and 

 other cider pippins. In 1688 that eminent naturalist John Pay, 

 who explored the kingdom of nature with arms of precision, 

 enumerated 78 varieties of apples near London. Of these 

 ancestral sorts which distinguish the epoch of the Eevolution, it 

 would be interesting to kno^v how many remain ! yet the apple 

 is long lived too, and of the harder sorts a tree often lives 

 through two centuries. 



There was a Genneting mentioned by Evelyn in 1660. The 

 original tree sprung from pips brought from Normandy sown at 

 Eibston in York. Five grew, out of which two were crabs. 

 One was a famous pippin : the original tree planted in 1688 was 

 blown down in 1810, and continued to bear horizontally till 1835. 



We learn from the Grardeners' Chronicles of the latter end 

 of the last century, that the varieties of apple were multiplied 

 to some hundreds, yet not above 40 or 50 were then contained in 

 the catalogues. 



Among the dessert apples the Golden Pennet, the Margil, 

 and the Nonpareil remain, but from the West the Embroidered 

 Apple, the Silver pippin, and the White and Ped Calvilles are 

 gone, and though among the kitchen fruit which opened the 

 century the Kentish Pippin remains (in Kea), the Summer Mary- 

 gold is perhaps no more heard of ; but reUcs of the old Trelawny 

 and Sweet Oakeu Pin survived at Woodbury until about five 

 years since, when the last venerable tree went down. 



The Golden Pippin, the once hardy Cider-Apple of the 

 Gloucester and Hereford orchards, has long been declining 

 in England, and our forefathers' favourite — that delicious, white, 

 mealy, October apple, the Old Edward of the Cornish orchards, 

 has almost passed away. This was an ancient seedling of 

 rugged bark, swelled joints, and wild uncultured outline, possibly 

 by ofifshoots a relic from the Plantagenet times ! for although, 

 among the cultured varieties, grafting renews by imparting a 

 temporary vigour, it seems powerless to preserve the sort, as the 

 scion always inherits the lease of life first accorded to the stock. 



