l8o JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS. 



sible, another important question remains to be answered. Though 

 the primitive man may possess intellectual powers suitable for such 

 a task, can we give any reason why this privilege will be embraced ? 

 Can we furnish any motive or end for the origin of symbolization ? 



Under pleasure and pain may be summed up all the motives 

 or ends of action. These being but two aspects of our feeling 

 states, it follows that the discovery of a motive will demand a con- 

 sideration of the development of mind on the feehng side. 



We have already noticed above that our states of feeling natur- 

 ally fall into two broad classes. The sensation, as an affective state, 

 produces pleasure or pain. This is sometimes spoken of as the 

 primary form of feeling, being consequent on physical changes. We 

 also noticed, however, that by the transference of feeling higher 

 forms of emotional growth might be attained. Let us inquire then 

 whether in these two classes (sensations and intellectual emotions) 

 there exists a motive for the representation of our ideas. 



It has been a prevailing idea that the desire for speech arose 

 from the necessity of seeking aid to satisfy our bodily wants, such as 

 food, help in distress, protection, etc. Though these desires may 

 imply some emotional growth, you will see that they point to the 

 sensuous element as a motive, an hypothesis which we cannot ac- 

 cept. We afifirm and shall attempt to show that the motive lay in 

 the development of the emotions rather than in sensuous feeling. 



In order that we may be the better able to judge the respective 

 claims of these two ends, we shall lay down what appear to us the 

 necessary laws governing the motive or end, naming them as fol- 

 lows : 



1. The Law of Sufficient Motive. 



2. The Law of Frequent Recurrence. 



3. The Law of Adequate Means. 



By the law of sufficient motive is meant that, since language is 

 a means of communication between individuals, there must have 

 existed a mutual desire between the person communicating and the 

 person interpreting the thought. It was to this we referred when 

 we affirrned above that language did not come solely from the de- 

 sire to communicate our thoughts to others. 



The law of frequent recurrence affirms the principle that the 

 motive must have been sufficiently frequent to remove any possibility 



