^ C-^ -*-? » X ^ 



THE 



AMERICAN JOURNAL 



OF 



SCIENCE AND ARTS. 



CONDUCTED BY 



BENJAMIN SILLIMAN, M. D. LL. D. 



Prof. Chem., Min., &c. in Yale Coll. ; Cor. Mem. Soc. Arts, Man. and Com., Cor. Mem. Met. See, 



and For. Mem. Geol. Soc, London ; Mem. Gool. Soc, and Hon. Mem. Lin. and Statis. Socs., 



Paris ; Mem. Roy. Min. Soc, Dresden ; Nat. Hist. Soc, Halle ; Imp. Agric Soc, Moscow ; 



Nat. Hist. Soc, Belfast, L-e. ; Phil, and Lit. Soc, Bristol, Eng. ; Hon. Mem. Roy. 



Sussex Inst., Brighton, Eng. ; Cor. Mem. of the Nat. Hist. Soc, and of the 



Arclieeolegical Soc, Athens, Greece; Lit. and Hist. Soc, Quebec; 



Mem, of various Lit. and Scien. Soc. in the U. States. 



AIDED BY 



BENJAMIN SILLIMAN, Jr., A.B. 



Assistant in the department of Chemistry, Mineralogy and Geology in Yale College ; Cor. Mem. 



of the Meteorological Soc, London ; Sec. of the Yale Nat. Hist. Soc, Mem. of the Conn. 



Acad, of Arts and Sci. j Cor. Mem. of the Lyceum of Natural History, New York, &c. 



VOL. XXXVL— «?ir?; 1839. 



NEW HAVEN: 



Sold by A. H. MALTBY and B. &. W. NOYES.— Philadelphia, CAREY & 

 HART and J. S. hlTTELh.— Baltimore, Md., N. HICKMAN.— JVezo York, 

 G. & C. CARVILL & Co., No. 108 Broadway, and G. S. SILLIMAN, No. 44 

 William St.— Boston, C. C. LITTLE & Co.— London, JAMES S. HODSON, 

 No. 112 Fleet St., and WILEY & PUTNAM, 35 Paternoster Rovr.— Paris, 

 CHARLES DUPERRON, Rue Mabillon. 



PRINTED BY B. L. HAMLEN. 





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