44 Reviews — Movements of Beach Sand and Shingle. 



proportion to the skull; tlie form of the brain-cavity seen from above 

 is given, also casts of the brain seen from the side compared vi'ith the 

 brain of a young alligator (see pL Ixxviii). The divergent forms of 

 the teeth are likev^ise shown. The pelvic bones, fore and hind limbs, 

 are similarly treated. 



Eestorations of the skulls, limbs, and entire skeletons are given 

 o^ Anchisaurus colurus, Ceratosaurus nasicornis, Brontosaurus excelsus, 

 Stegosaurus ungulatus, Camptosaurus dispar, Laosaurus consors, Tri- 

 ceratops prorsus, and of Claosaurus annectens ; whilst of European 

 dinosaurs we have restorations of Compsognathus longipes, Scelido- 

 saurus Harrisoni, Sypsiloj^hodon Foxii, and Iguanodon Bernissartensis. 

 The palatal view of the skull of Diplodocus longus, given on p. 177, 

 is very interesting, and with the figures in pis. xxv and xxvi, and 

 pi. ixxvi, fig. 4, completes our knowledge of this very strange 

 form. Plate lix, skull and lower jaw of Triceratops prorsus, taken 

 by photo-process from the original, gives us a fine idea of the head, 

 one-ninth natural size, of this marvellous giant. 



This volume, interesting though it be, with its 84 plates and 

 110 pages of text, is but a first instalment to a much more elaborate 

 work which the author has in contemplation to produce. We trust 

 that health and strength may be spared to Professor Marsh to 

 complete this large task, and we will accept the present Memoir 

 merely " on account," for which we are indeed truly grateful, but, 

 like Oliver Twist, we are still *' asking for more." 



II. — Movements of Beach Sand and Shingle. 



N an article on "Littoral Drift" read before the Institute of 

 Civil Engineers,^ Mr. W. H. Wheeler discusses the origin and 

 movements of the sand and shingle along sea-coasts. He maintains 

 that the movements are practically confined to the tract between 

 low- and high-water mark ; that the contour of the sea-bed on 

 a sandy coast, when covered with a moderate depth of water, 

 remains in a stable condition ; and that so long as the conditions 

 remain the same, the form of the banks and depth of the channels 

 are not altered by winds and waves. He is thus led to believe that 

 channels can be effectively deepened and maintained on sandy coasts 

 by the system of suction-dredging ; that they will then remain 

 stable and retain their depth. Moreover, harbours may be pro- 

 jected out from sandy coasts without danger of the entrance 

 shoaling, provided that the piers are so placed as to derange the 

 main set of the tidal current as little as possible, and are carried 

 into a sufficient depth of water; and that whei'e required, the supply 

 of littoral drift is cut off by protective works along the coast. 



If these views be true their great importance is obvious. In 

 support the author points out that the main navigable channel to 

 New York, which passes through the outer bay to the Atlantic, 

 was obstructed by four long shoals, over which the larger class of 

 vessels could only pass at high-water. Suction-dredging was tried ; 



1 Proceedings, vol. cxxv, 1896. 



