Dr. Wheelton Hind — The Yoredale Series. 163 



A similar sequence is seen from Ribcliester to Chipping, across 

 Longridge Fell, which is capped with Upper Pendle Grit. The 

 third and fourth grits are seen in the River Eibble, north of 

 Longridge ; and below the escarpment the Lower Pendle Grit 

 forms a feature. Below this are the Pendleside limestones, which 

 rest on shales, and near Chipping is the Carboniferous Limestone. 



At Ashnot, one and a half miles south of Newton, is the outcrop 

 of a small patch of limestone in the shales, which, from its position, 

 would appear to belong to the Pendleside limestones. This patch 

 is very fossiliferous, and twenty-three tj'pical species of Carboniferous 

 Limestone forms are said to occur there. Mr. Tiddeman says of it 

 (p. 19, Burnley Memoir) : " It bears a stronger resemblance to 

 the Gi'eat Scar Limestone than any other beds which I know in 

 a like position." 



No other district shows such a thickness of shales between the 

 limestones as obtains in the Pendleside area ; indeed, deposition- 

 of mud here was locally very excessive; on Pendle Hill, however, 

 the Upper Pendle Grit is nothing like so thick as it is on Longridge 

 Fell, where it is about 1200 feet. Traced north-westward, the beds 

 between the Pendle Grit and the limestones rapidly diminish; and 

 about two miles south-west of Slaidburn (the beds dipping at the 

 average of 30° in three-quarters of a mile) we pass from Mountain 

 Limestone to Pendle Grit, and two miles further north-west the 

 Pendleside limestones have disappeared, and the grit is reduced 

 to a comparatively thin bed, which forms a feature in Ramsclough. 



Further north-west, in the Carnforth district, the grits and shales 

 are still thinner, and no limestones exist in the shales between it 

 and the grits ; the Pendleside Grit, 1200 feet thick at Longridge, 

 having entirely vanished, together with several hundred feet of 

 shales with limestones, in about twenty miles. 



Traces of the Pendleside limestones are seen in scattered localities, 

 e.g. : near Cold Coniston, on Embsay Moor near Skipton, and at Stud- 

 fold, near Draughton ; but the intervening shales thin out rapidly to 

 the east. The fauna is typically that of the Carboniferous Limestone, 

 and almost entirely different from that which occurs in the Bowland 

 Shales. A few miles north of Skipton the beds between the lime- 

 stone and the grit thin out very rapidly, and in Niddale (vide p. 168) 

 are reduced to a very few feet. A good section can be obtained in 

 the streams on Burnsall Fell, between it and Hill Bolton. Here, 

 unless there be an overlap of the grits or an unmapped fault, there 

 are only about 300 feet of shales, and no limestones beyond the 

 main mass, nor any features indicative of such. Only about one and 

 a half miles north of Burnsall, which would be north-east of the 

 line of the sequence given above, but on the other side of the 

 Craven fault, a distinct limestone, but onl}'' one, is seen to occur in 

 the shales between the grit and the limestone. Tracing this bed 

 northwards, it forms a feature north of the village of Hebden, and 

 it is supposed by the Officers of the Survey to split into two beds 

 north of Grassington, which become amalgamated with the main 

 mass of limestone still further north. Phillips gives at p. 30, 



