Fossil Entomostraca from South America. 261 



He states that " In the Universal Exhibition at Paris in 1867, the 

 Argentine Republic exhibited bituminous shales (Brandschiefer), con- 

 taining numerous shells of an EsiJieria, together with other 

 bituminous substances, such as ' Carbon de Piedra,' from the district 

 of San Lorenzo, province of Mendoza. Professor Stelzner has 

 collected specimens of a similar Brandschiefer or bituminous shale 

 at different places in the Sieri-a of Mendoza, as near Challao,^ at 

 the Agua salada, west of the town, at the Cerro de Cacheuta, south 

 of the same, and at the Agua de la Zorra in the Sierra de Uspallate. 

 These shales are full of the same Estheria.'" The specimens 

 illustrated by Dr. Geinitz, if regarded as showing their true shape, 

 would represent more than one species, very difficult to identify 

 with any known forms. They all seem, however, to have been 

 more or less distorted by pressure, and to this cause, rather than to 

 natural proportions, it appears likely that the diverse positions of 

 the umbo, in relation to the antero-dorsal corner of the test, and the 

 modifications of the concentric ridges, and the differences in the 

 outlines, may possibly be due. 



On careful consideration, it is evident that his fig. 4 is, of all the 

 series, the most like E. Mangaliensis, Jones, and that figs. 1 and 2 

 may belong to the same species, but have been obliquely narrowed 

 by pressure. Of the other three, fig. 5 is most like E. Eorhesii, 

 Jones, as to outline and number of ridges, but has been narrowed 

 vertically by pressure. Figs. 3 and 6 differ from the others, and 

 from each other, by the position of the umbo, number of ridges, and 

 general shape. In explanation of the above remarks, the following 

 notes are given : — 



§ III. (1) EsTHEKiA Mangaliensis, Jones. 



Estheria Mangaliensis, Jones, " Monogr. Foss. Eslherice " : Pal. Soc. 



1862, p. 78, pi. ii, figs. 16-23. 

 Geinitz (jmrs), PalEeontographica, SuppL, iii, 



Palaeont. Theil ii, Abth. 2 ; Beitrage, etc., 1876, p. 3, pi. i, 



fig. 4 and figs. 1 and 2 ? 

 Middleton, Intellect. Observer, No. xxi, October, 



1862, p. 317. 

 Medlicott and Blanford, " Manual Geol. India," 



1879, p. 130, woodcut; 2nd edit., 1893, p. 170, woodcut. 



^ In his " Eeise durch die La Plata Staaten," etc., 2 vols., 1861, at page 277 of 

 vol. i, H. Burmeister observed at some places "remnants of C)'pridinen-Schalen, 

 with the little Crustaceans characteristic of the Coal -formation of Europe." In 

 his " Description physique de la Republique Argentine," 5 vols., 1876-8, in vol. i 

 (1876), p. 262, Burmeister states that "on the eastern side of the mountains, 

 towards the plain of the Pampa, is a small ravine opening out above the Bath of 

 Challao ; and in it are some black, irregularly flaking shales, like the Coal-shales ; 

 and these contain here and there traces of carbonized leaves, and on other surfaces 

 impressions of little shells, like the valves of Cypridina, that remarkable Crustacean 

 genus, belonging to the Phyllopoda, near the genus Estheria, and so characteristic of 

 the Coal-beds of Europe." Burmeister here evidently alluded to the " Cypridinen- 

 Schiefer" {Entomis-9\\a\es) characteristic of the Devonian (not the Carboniferous) 

 of Europe from Russia to England. 



