The Gneissose- Granite of the Himalayas. 309 



The " Tanols " are arenaceous deposits (p. 56) ; they are sometimes 

 so highly metamorphosed " that there is uo longer any direct evidence 

 from individual samples and sections that the rocks are true 

 representatives of what were originally sedimentary deposits " 

 (p. 57). The author considers that they largely represent (pp. 

 231, 232) metamorphosed sandstones and quartzites of the Infra- 

 Trias ; their relative position among the formations in the Hazara 

 district has not been satisfactorily determined (p. 237). The author 

 thinks that possibly the Boileau Gunge quartzites (Krol quartzites) 

 at Simla are of the same age as the Tanols (p. 239), and that the 

 Gondwana formation of Peninsular India is not impossibly repre- 

 sented in part by the Tanols. 



The reference to Simla rocks is interesting. In reading Mr. 

 Middlemiss's memoir I frequently came across descriptions of rocks 

 that brought the Blaini, the Krol, and the Infra- Krol series of the 

 Simla area vividly before my eyes. The correlation of the Infra-Triassic 

 conglomerate with the Blaini conglomerate was evidently present 

 to the author's mind, for he says that the supposition that the 

 Infra-Triassic boulder-bed is " homotaxial with the Salt-Range 

 Bouldei"-bed " is fairly reasonable ; and he goes on to state that 

 " there is little doubt that the Panjab conglomerate of Kashmir is 

 nothing but a continuation of the same deposit " ; namely, the 

 conglomerate of the Salt Eange. The author also speaks with 

 approval of Mr. Lydekker's correlation of the conglomerate of 

 Kashmir with the Blaini conglomerate of the Simla region, and 

 writes (p. 22) : " I am disposed to believe in the connection between 

 the Hazara Infra-Trias conglomerate and the Blaini conglomerate." ^ 



That being so, a doubt arises whether the " graphitic schists 

 streaking the hillsides black," referred to at p. 250 and elsewhere 

 (pp. 245, 247, and 252), associated with limestones, are not meta- 

 morphosed representatives of the " black crush " (Infra-Krol) rock 

 of the Simla area. A further doubt arises whether the "arenaceous 

 beds " referred to at p. 255 and in fig. 52, containing fine interpene- 

 trations of the granite," are not really metamorphosed Tanol (Krol 

 quartzite) arenaceous beds. Also whether the crystalline limestone 

 at Sauvai, associated with the graphitic schists (p. 250), is not 

 really metamorphosed Infra-Trias. If so, the gueissose-granite crops 

 up close to the Sauvai crystalline limestone and is intrusive in the 

 arenaceous beds which I suggest are of Krol quartzite age. 



Oldham has shown that Infra-Krol beds are invaded and meta- 

 morphosed by granite in the Satlej Valley^; and in the Simla area 

 I have identified thick beds of calcareous chloritic schists as highly 

 altered Krol limestone ^ ; and I think it highly probable that the 

 arenaceous beds, graphitic schists, and crystalline limestones, described 

 by the author as occurring in his metamorphic zone, are highly 

 metamorphosed equivalents of the Krol and Infra-Krol rocks of the 

 Simla area. 



1 See also author's remarks at p. 247. 



2 Eecords G.S.I., xxi, p. 149. 



3 Eecords G.S.I,, s, p. 212. 



