534 Professor Herman Le Roy FairchUd — 



Monroe Co. With fuller observation the list will doubtless be much 

 extended. However, it would seem that the glacial streams in this 

 area were seldom overloaded, although the large kame areas prove 

 that they carried heavy burdens. 



Karnes. 



While eskers are rare, kames are abundant, and some of immense 

 development. This might be expected ; for, if the glacial streams 

 did not leave their loads in their channels, they must have dropped 

 them at their debouchure. 



In the great amount of sand and gravel, esjDecially abundant and 

 widespread north of the water-parting, it is hard to discriminate 

 between true kame and other forms of water-laid drift, and no com- 

 plete study has been made. A few of the very large and conspicuous 

 kame areas have been briefly described by the writer.^ 



These large deposits all lie in the basins of glacial lakes, and 

 it is suggested as a working hypothesis that true kames are formed 

 only in static waters. 



Glacial Lakes. 



Primitive and Smaller Local Lahes. 



As the ice-front crept slowly backward from the water-parting 

 which its morainal drift had established, hundreds of lakelets were 

 produced between the ice-foot and the northward-facing land-slopes. 

 Most of these were evanescent, and have left slight traces. Others 

 at the heads of well-defined valleys enlarged with the ice retreat, 

 and existed long enough to produce definite outlet channels and 

 the characteristic phenomena of static waters, excepting beaches, 

 which require great breadth and depth of water. 



Larger Local Lakes. 



The large north-sloping valleys were the loci of greater glacial 

 lakes. The life-history of these waters is often complicated and 

 always fascinating. Each of the lakes in Western New York has 

 been preceded by a vastly larger and deeper lake having its outlet 

 to the southward. Large glacial lakes also existed in some valleys 

 in which no water is ponded to-day. Some of these lakes have 

 already been described.^ 



The most complicated and interesting lake-history belongs to 

 the Genesee valley,^ in which not less than ten stages of the 

 glacial waters can be recognized. These waters flowed alternately 

 east or west, according as the ice-sheet uncovered lower passes, and 

 at different times they contributed to the Ohio-Mississippi, to the 

 Susquehanna, to the Lake Michigan-Mississippi, and to the Mohavvlc- 

 Hudson. 



^ H. L. Fairchild, " Kame Areas in "Western New York, South of Irondequoit 

 and Sodus Bays" : Journal of Geology, vol. iv, pp. 129-159. "Kame Moraine at 

 Rochester, New York " : Amer. Geo!., vol. xvi, pp. 39-51. 



2 H. L. Fairchild, "Glacial Lakes of Western New York": Bull. Geol. Soc. 

 Amer., vol. vi, pp. 353-74. 



^ " Glacial Genesee Lakes" : Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., vol. vii, pp. 423-52. 



