38 THE PHARAOH OP THE EXODUS 



Arabian to a man of Ludim of Amalek.*^' The Boeotian connection 

 ■with Phoenicia in Cadmus is maintained by the story that Ogyges fled 

 from Phoenicia to Acte, afterwards called Attica.*^ Two Germans — 

 Movers, in his "Phoenicians/'** and Hitzig, in his "Philistines"*' — 

 have done much to show how intimate were the relations subsisting 

 between these two branches of the Phoenician stock on the one hand, 

 and the Greeks on the other. Mr. Gladstone, in his recent work, 

 " Juventus Mundi," dwells largely on the debt which Greece owed to 

 Phoenicia, and on the strong Phoenician domination exerted in Greece 

 from Crete as a centre.*'' Hitzig almost goes so far as to say that Crete 

 colonized Greece with Phoenicians, and Philistia with Pelasgians.*^ My 

 own belief is that the tide of emigration was all in one direction, from 

 south-east to the north and westward, and that Philistia and Phoenicia 

 were stages in the progress of one of the streams that flowed from 

 Egypt to civilize the world. This is the view of Freret and Raoul 

 Rochette, who regard the Hycsos or Phoenician pastors of Egypt as the 

 authors of Greek and Roman civilization.*® 



Egypt and Plicenicia. — In considering the connections of Egypt and 

 Phoenicia with each other, we pass from what historians have been 

 pleased to regard as the untrustworthy accounts of ancient authors, to 

 surer ground in existing monuments. Lenormant and Chevalier, in 

 their valuable Manual of Oriental History,*^ state, from monumental 

 evidence, that the Egyptian empire, at the beginning of the eighteenth 

 dynasty, extended to Phoenicia, and that "the Sidonians, in common 

 with all the neighbouring populations, were subject to the Egyptians, 

 and remained so during the whole period of the eighteenth, nineteenth 

 and twentieth dynasties, from the first half of the seventeenth till the 

 end of the thirteenth century B.C. * * * The hieroglyphic ioscriptions 

 frequently speak of the tributes, the arts and the riches of Phoenicia. 

 * * * The Pharaohs of this period have left great steles, commemora- 

 tive of their supremacy, on the rocks of Nahr-el-Kelb, near Beyrut, 

 and at Adluu, near Tyre. * * * A valuable papyrus, now in the British 



42 Bitter's Comparative Geography of Palestine, iii, 263. 

 « Thallus ap. Tlieopliil. ad Autolyc. 



** Movers, die Plioenizier. 



43 Hitzig, Urgesoliichte und Mytliologie der Pliilistaer. 

 *5 Gladstone, Jnventus Mundi^ p. 121, &c. 



47 Hitzig, die Pliilistaer, B. i, cc. 2, 3, 4. 



48 Freret, Eeeueil de I'Acaddmie des Inscriptions, vol. 47 ; Raoul Rocliette, Histoire de 

 ' I'etablissement des Colonies grecqnes i, c. 4, p. 60. 



49 A Manual of the Ancient History of the East to the commencement of the Median Wars,, 

 translated from the French of F. Lenormant and E. Chevalier : London, 1869-TO. 



