60 THE PHABAOH OF THE EXODUS 



Pharaohs to which the Thothmoses and Eameses belong, is one essen- 

 tially solar in its character, its Ra and Horus designations plainly 

 distinguishing, it in this respect. But Thammuz or Adonis is made by 

 Macrobius to be no other than the sun ; -^"^ and of him Lenormant says : 

 '' This famous person, who to the G-reeks was but a simple Syrian 

 hunter, was to the Phoenicians the sun-god himself.'' ^"^^ " Ra or Erra," 

 says Kenrick, "is the Coptic name for king, appropriated to the sun, 

 like the names Baal, Melek, Adonai, which in the Syro-Arabian lan- 

 guages denote monarchy, and were also titles of the sun." ^'^^ The 

 affection of Venus for Adonis is not without its place in the history 

 which Egyptian records teach us. Athor, supposed to be the G-reek 

 Aphrodite, and who is the Athara of Syria and the Astarte of Phoenicia, 

 was specially worshipped by the Thothmoses and the Rameses, temples 

 being erected by them in her honour, and her name and attributes being 

 frequently given to their queens. Thus Setei Menephthah himself is 

 said to have dedicated a temple to Athor,"*^ and the lists of Eusebius, 

 Syncellus and Theophilus unite Athoris and Cencheres, who are Venus 

 and Adonis. ^"^^ 



Even in regard to the more remote ancestors of the personages I have 

 sought to identify, coincidences are found which would be valueless if 

 standing alone, but which tend to strengthen an independent argument. 

 Thothraosis calls himself Horus, and Rameses is designated the son of 

 Horus ; so Cinyras Thammuz is made a son of Apollo. In the religious 

 title, Thothmosis, the principal element is the name of the god Thoth, 

 who is Hermes; and Cinyras, as we haVe seen in the genealogy given by 

 Apollodorus, is a descendant of Hermes and the daughter of Cecrops, 

 Cecrops himself bising generally considered to have been an Egyptian. 

 The occurrence of Tithonus, the first syllable of whose name is Tenth 

 or Thoth, irr the genealogy, and whose Egyptian affinities are seen in 

 his son Memnon, called by Manetho the son of Thothmosis, tends to 

 strengthen the connection. 



In endeavouring to keep within the bounds prescribed for such a 

 paper as this, I have been compelled to omit the mention of many 

 incidents that would tend somewhat to justify the removal of the scene 

 of events in the history of Adonis to regions farther south than those 



165 Macrob. Saturnal, L. i, e. 21. 



160 Lenormant and Chevalier, ii, 221. 



167 Kenrick, i, 32S. 



168 Lepsius' Letters, 100. 



169 Cory's Ancient Fragments, 142, 15S. 



