144 IDENTIFIED STATIONS ON THE 



which either Frixagi or * Frisinvones are named. There are memo- 



* It has lately been ascertained from examination of the original tahulce, tliat 

 it was a cohort of this people — Frisiavonum, not Frisianonum, nor Frisianorum 

 — that served in Britain in A.D. 106, according to Trajan's diploma of that date, 

 and in 124, according to Hadrian's. This cohort seema to be named in two 

 inscriptions found at Manchester : — 



(1) COHO- I- FRISIAV II MASAVONIS || P XXIII, and 



(2) COHR I FRISIAVO || ? OVI ? ? ? || ? P XXIIII" 



In (1) FRISIAV is the correct reading, not FRISIN, as given by me in Brit. 

 Rom. Inscrip. on Horsley's authority. The second line in (2) is read by Dr. 

 Bruce, L. S. p. 6, YOVIANVM, which yields no meaning. It has been sug- 

 gested to me by Mr. Thompson Watkin, of Birkenhead, England, that this line 

 may have contained the centurial mark and some such name as loviani. Can 

 the word have been a contracted form of lOVIANORVM (from Diocletian) or 

 BOVIANORVM (from Bovium in Britain) ? In the third line, the character 

 before P XXIII seems to have been P, which may stand for Fer or Pedatwa. 



In an inscription found at Papcastle, in 1865, we have the form FRISIONVM. 

 It appears uncertain whether the Frisii, Frisei, Frisoei, Frisiai, Frisiones, Frisi- 

 avones, Frisiahones, and Friscevones, should be regarded as the same people. The 

 last three may be regarded as different forms of the name of one tribe, even 

 though Pliny places the Frisiaboties (or Frisiavones) in one passage, iv, 29, in 

 the islands at the mouth of the Rhine, and in another, iv, 81, in northern Gallia, 

 between the Sunuci (or Sunici) and the Bcetasii (or Betasii). 



I expand P XXIIII Pedes quatuor et viginti as in similar inscriptions. See 

 Brit. Rom. Inscrip. pp. 117, 118. Dr. Bruce (L. S. p. 37) offers the following 

 objections to my view that such centurial stones were intended to mark the 

 space set apart for quarters in an encampment: " If centurial stones were pecu- 

 liar to the stations this theory might be entertained, but they occur at intervals 

 along the whole line of the wall. In very many instances they are found in 

 places where there are no traces of encampments. What in such cases are we 

 to make of them ?" As my view was that such stones marked the boundaries 

 of the quarters, not merely in castra stativa, but in temporary encampments, 

 formed as the troops were moved from place to place to work on the bari-ier, I 

 should expect to find them " at intervals along the whole line of wall." To the 

 other objection the obvious answer is — that the stones remained, but other 

 traces of the encampment were obliterated. "The occurrence of more than two 

 stones with the same inscription, in one locality, is consistent," as Dr. Bruce 

 remarks, " with this view, as four would be required to mark the ground appro- 

 priated." Add to this that only two would be required to mark the limits of 

 work done, as we find tablets in pairs on the wall of Antoninus, that we some- 

 times have on these stones not only the name of the centurion, but also his rank 

 e. gr. Hastatus primus, and Princeps posterior, (see Brit. Rom. Inscrip. p. 120, 

 and L. S. n. 127, and compare L. S. nn. 140 & 51), and that there is not one 

 certain instance amidst the numerous examples of centurial stones of the use of 



