RELIGIONS AND CIVILIZATION. 155 



prove that they were all derived from a foreign source, and my opinion 

 is that Egypt furnished the greater number. For, with the exception 

 of Neptune and the Dioscuri, whom I mentioned above, and Juno, 

 Vesta, Themis, the Graces and the Nereids, the other gods have been 

 known from time immemorial in Egypt. This I assert on the authority 

 of the Egyptians themselves. The gods with whose names they profess 

 themselves unacquainted, the Greeks received, I believe, from the 

 Pelasgi, except Neptune. Of him they got their knowledge from the 

 Libyans, by whom he has been always honoured, and who were anciently 

 the only people that had a god of the name."* In another place, 

 speaking of the anomalous fact of the Greeks regarding Hercules, 

 Bacchus and Pan, oldest of the Egyptian deities, as the youngest of the 

 gods, Herodotus says : "To me, therefore, it is quite manifest that the 

 names of these gods became known to the Greeks after those of their 

 other deities, and that they count their birth from the time when they 

 first acquired a knowledge of them."^ In a previous paper I have 

 illustrated the connection in religious observance or worship between 

 Greece, Egypt and Phoenicia.*^ Every classical scholar is familiar with 

 some of the many myths that cluster round the name of Cadmus, and 

 serve to bind Syria and Greece together. M. Maury, in his notes to 

 the 7th book of Guigniaut, on the Relations of the worship of Bacchus 

 in Egypt, thus speaks of the connection among themselves of religions 

 which he has already indissolubly united to those of the Greeks. 

 " The study of the religions of Western Asia reveals to us the innu- 

 merable points of resemblance which existed between the divinities of 

 the banks of the Nile and those of Phoenicia and Syria, the worship of 

 which extended afterwards into Phrygia, Lydia and Cappadocia. The 

 myths of Attis and Cybele, of Adonis and Astarte, present an analogy 

 to that of Osiris and Isis which cannot be got rid of. And we cannot 

 withstand the impression that these religions had in part a common 

 origin, as M. Guigniaut has shown in his Notes, &c., on the 4th book 

 of this work."'' The celebrated Bryant, speaking of Greek historians, 

 says : " The whole Theology of Greece was derived from the East. 

 We cannot, therefore, but in reason suppose that Clement of Alexan- 

 dria, Eusebius of Csesarea, Tatianus of Assyria, Lucianus of Samosata,^ 



* Bawlinson's Herodotus, Bk. ii., ch. 50. 



5 Id., Bk. ii., ch. 146. 



6 " The Pharaoh of the Exodus Identiiied in theJMyth of Adonis," in the Canadian Jouma 

 May, 1871, p. 36. 



* Guigniaut, Religions de I'Antiquite. Tome iii., 924. 



