RELIGIONS AKD CIVILIZATION. 165 



the Jordan of Palestine, the Jardanus of Elis and Crete, and the 

 Eridanus of Italy; Meru of India, Moore of Persia and Meroe of 

 Ethiopia ; Atabyrion, (or Tabor,) in Palestine, and Atabyron in Persia, 

 Rhodes and Sicily : these are examples of an almost endless connec- 

 tion. A very striking instance of the double connection of several 

 names of places is given by Pococke in Accho, Kishen, Carmel and Dor, 

 which, with Magadha for Megiddo, occur in the same order in India 

 as in Palestine.'^ Hitter, speaking of the position of Ophir, says 

 " Ophir is sometimes used by the ancients to designate countries which 

 lie far apart and in different directions. * * * Hartmann draws 

 the inference that Ophir was one of those wandering names, like 

 Tartessus, Cush, Taurus and the like, and that it was first given to a 

 port of Southern Arabia; but when emigration began, and the inhabi- 

 tants pushed their way further on and established colonies on the coast 

 of Africa and India, the name too was transplanted and multiplied, and 

 many Ophirs were to be found. His theory furnishes a satisfactory 

 solution of the fact that, for whatever cause, many places bearing the 

 same name are continually referred to in the ancient records, manifestly 

 lying widely apart." ^'^ With all truthfulness Pococke may say " The 

 whole map is positively nothing less than a journal of emigration on 

 the most gigantic scale." ^^ An emigration of the character to which 

 he refers must have had one, not many, starting points, and thus sends 

 us back to a great centre such as that of which Faber speaks. 



Monuments, not more enduring, indeed, but more substantial than 

 names, add their weight to the preponderance of evidence in favour of 

 the commencement of civilization in a single locality. Such are the 

 numberless objects preserved in archseological museums, or descriptions 

 of which are furnished in ancient writings, that eshibit mechanical 

 skill. Mr. Osburn informs us that the garners pictured on the Egyp- 

 tian monuments are the same as those now used in parts of Greece 

 and Italy ,^'^ The chariots of the ancient Britons were the same as 

 those used by the Greeks at the siege of Troy, by the nations of Pales- 

 tine, and by the Egyptians.^^ Diodorus Siculus mentions the use of 

 the old Egyptian waterwheel in Spain.^* The Celtic church-plank, 



5* Id. 223. 



55 Bitter, Comparative Geography of Palestine, &c. Edinburgh, 1866 ; p. 94. 



S8 Pococke, India iu Greece, 47. 



5' Osburn, Monumental History of Egypt, i., 452. 



58 Ceesaxis de bello Gallic, iv., 33. Taciti Agricola, 12. Diod. Sic. v. 16. 



5» Diod. Sic. V. 25. 



