166 THE BIRTHPLACE OF ANCIENT 



used in place of a bell for calling together the congregation, appears in 

 the Grreek lyj/iavrpov or the nakoos of the Armenians, which is found 

 in many parts of the East.*^" " Assyrian sculpture," say Lenormant 

 and Chevalier, "is one of the greatest of ancient arts j its teachings, 

 received and transmitted by the peoples of Asia Minor, presided over 

 the first steps of G-recian sculpture. Between the works of Ninevite 

 artists and the early works of the Greeks, even to the Aeginetans, we 

 may observe an astonishing connection ; the celebrated primitive bas- 

 relief of Athens, known by the common name of the ' Warrior of 

 Marathon,' seems as if detached from the walls of Khorsabad or Koy- 

 undjik/'®'^ Sir J. G.Wilkinson holds that Assyrian and Greek pottery, 

 sculpture, architecture, &c., were to a great extent borrowed from the 

 Egyptians f^ and Lenormant and Chevalier make Phoenician art a 

 mixture of Assyrian and Egyptian.'^'^ " Cotton stuffs and indigo must 

 have been known to the Israelites from a very ancient period ; for they 

 have been found in the burial places of Thebes, which date back to 

 the eighteenth Egyptian dynasty, and which were used for purposes 

 of sepulture from 1822 to 1476 B.C. Both of them must have been 

 of Indian origin.""* Mr. Baldwin, in his Prehistoric Nations, quotes 

 Dr. Livingstone in favour of his adopted Cushite hypothesis ; the 

 extract will answer as well or a great deal better for Faber's. " Dr. 

 Livingstone, in the account of his ' Expedition to the Zambesi/ des- 

 cribes articles manufactured by. the African people, and specifies 

 ' hammers, tongs, hoes, adzes, fish-hooks, needles, and spear-heads, 

 having what is termed dish on both sides, to give them the rotary 

 motion of rifle-balls.' He admires their skill in spinning and weaving, 

 and in manufacturing certain kinds of pottery, similar to pottery found 

 in India. He points out that they have admirably-made fish nets, 

 ' nearly identical with those now used in Normandy ;' a blacksmith's 

 bellows like that used in Central India; 'fish-baskets and weirs like 

 those used in the Highlands of Scotland ;' and other implements like 

 those found in Egypt and India. He is sure that this striking simi- 

 larity of manufactured articles in widely-separated countries — articles 

 ' from identical patterns widely spread over the globe' — makes it very 

 probable that the arts and usages of these different people were derived 



«o Finn, Byeways in Palestine, 440. 



61 Lenormant and Chevalier, i., 465. 



M Wilkinson, A Popular Account of the Ancient Egyptians, ii., 263. 



"3 Lenormant and Chevalier, ii., 232. 



•* Ritter, Comparative Geography of Palestine, &c., i., 121. 



