LANGUAGES OF THE INDO-EUROPEAN FAMILY. 419 



Atma.^' The creation of tlie first Menu is that of the lotus, but the 

 first Menu is Swayambhuva.®^ The names Semphucrates, and Harpo- 

 crates, taken in connection with the forms Athom and Thamara, 

 which is just Athom-, or, as he is often called, Thaom-ra, the ra 

 denoting his solar character, at once suggest Melcartus the son of 

 Demarous, Gordys, the son of Demophoon, and Meli-certa, son of 

 Athamas. To these might be added tlie Persian Tahmouras, 

 another solar personage, with his pre-eminently solar successor, 

 Djemschid, often identified with Melcartus. The solar character of 

 Thaom-ra and Tahmouras combines with the Ceres relationships of 

 Gordys in the Tamara leaf of India, which surrounds the sacred fire 

 in certain representations.^' Ihe Indian Atma is the soul, and as 

 such connects not only with the Greek thumos, meaning the same, 

 but with the old Homeric autme, hreath, in which we see the German 

 Athem?^ It is interesting to observe the difierent forms of the 

 name ETHAM, as Thoum, AITAM and Athom, reproduced in 

 these three related words. The Greek atme, vapour, undoubtedly 

 belongs to the same root. As we have already connected maut, the 

 Egyptian name of the vulture and ^symbol of maternity with the 

 Greek aetos, and the Hebrew AIT, and thus, with ETAM, derived 

 from the latter, so, in Indian mythology we find Adima, under the 

 two forms Atma and Yotma, producing Mout and Mahat.^^ There 

 can be no doubt that the Sanskrit Adima, Atma, Yotma, Tamara 

 and Pedma represent the Egyptian Athom, Taom-ra and Pithom, 

 the Arabian YODHAM, and the Hebrew ETHAM and ETAM. 

 We have seen that in Egypt this name connected itself with 

 the Nile and with water generally. The same is true in regard 

 to its Indian connections. Swayambhuva or Adima is the god 

 of the flood as well as a near relation of the lotus. Greek 

 names, that point to a marine or aquatic connection more clearly 

 than aetos or atmos are Athamas, whose story is bound up with the 

 sea, who gave his name to an extensive plain, and whose son Ptous 

 is immortalized by a place in Boeotia, called Ptoum ; great Thaumas 

 son of Pontus; and Thamyris the Thracian bard, whose name 



8T Guigniaut, Tom. i., 254, 270, 647, &c. 



Sataroupa (Sterope) or Prakriti (Procris) forms a bond of union bstween these names. 



88 Crawford's Indian Researches, 33, 92. 



88 Maurice's Indian Antiquities, Vol. i., Pt. i., 396. 



'» Guiguiant, Tom. i., 647. 



« Id., i., 270, 647. 



