78 REVIEWS — MANUAL OF THE STJB-KINGDOM CCELENTERATA. 



boulder-holding clays. To these succeed accumulations of sand, &c., 

 of more or less local origin, containing in some places, as at Grand 

 Traverse Bay, layers of lignite, with imbedded coniferous stems. 

 That these higher Drift accumulations are of fresh-water formation, 

 is shewn by the presence of shells belonging to melania and physa, 

 which occur above the hgnite deposits. These shells, at Traverse 

 Bay, are found in a bed of coarse sand, mixed with small boulders, 

 and overlaid by twelve feet of fine yellow sand. The formations of 

 still more recent date, comprise peat, shell-marl, and iron ochres. 

 Remains of the Elephas primigenius, and those of the Mastodon 

 and Elk, with a caudal vertebra of a whale, have been obtained 

 from these modern accumulations. 



In closing our brief notice of this Report, we may add that its 

 pages bear abundant evidence of the very able manner in which 

 Professor "Winchell has carried out the work committed to his charge. 

 The publication of the author's final Report may be looked forward 

 to with much interest. E. J, C. 



Manual of the Suh-Mngdom Coelenterata, By Joseph Reay Greene, 

 B.A., Professor of Natural History, Queen's College, Cork. Lon- 

 don : Longman, Green, Longman and Roberts. 18G1. 



We receive with pleasure a second part of Professor Greene's 

 Manuals of the Animal Kingdom. The present volume, like the 

 preceding, is full of valuable materials for study, and it gives the 

 view of the subject which seems at present to findmost favour with Euro- 

 pean naturalists. We cannot recognize Coelenterata as a Sub-kingdom, 

 nor admit the classification of its supposed members which is here 

 presented. We believe that when relieved from the Protozoa, and 

 some groups properly belonging to the Articulata, the Sub-kingdom 

 Radiata is truly natural, and distinguished by clear and important 

 characters, and with some transferences of families, we regard the 

 classes Echinodermata, Acalephse and Polypifera as expressing their 

 proper Sub-division. We must also press the claim of Acalephae to 

 the Ctenophorse, which are placed among Actinozoa, (our Polypifera,) 

 by Professor Greene. These matters, however, are at present subjects 

 of controversy, and in indicating the views which our inquiries thus 

 far dispose us to consider as most satisfactory, we do not undervalue 

 the work before us as a source of information, and an excellent 



