130 REVIEWS, TRANSLATIONS, AND SELECTED ARTICLES. 



The following table will best exhibit this difference, by showing 

 the annual progress of the population in England and Scotland since 

 1801, when the enumeration figures of both countries may be first 

 truly relied on : — 



Year. 



1801 

 'U 

 '21 

 '31 



1841 

 '51 

 '61 



England and Wales. 



9,156,171 

 10,454,529 

 12,172,664 

 14,051,986 



16,035,198 

 17,927,609 

 20,061,725 



Scotland. 



1,608,420 

 1,805,864 

 2,091,521 

 2,364,386 



2,620,184 

 2,888,742 

 3,061,329 



From the foregoing table it appears that the population of 

 England and Wales has, in the course of sixty years, increased to 

 the extent of 10,905,554, whereas that of Scotland has advanced to 

 the extent of only 1,452,909 ; exhibiting an increase on the part of 

 England and Wales of 119"1 per cent., and on that of Scotland 

 of only 90*3 per cent. ; and if we merely compare the progress of 

 the populations of the two divisions of the island respectively during 

 the last ten years, we find that while England and Wales show an 

 increase of 12 per cent., Scotland only exhibits an advance of 5*9, or 

 about 6 per cent. 



The question then naturally arises, how can this great and 

 important discrepancy between the rates of progress in England and 

 Scotland, particualarly as existing between the years 1851 and 1861, 

 be explained 1 Has it been occasioned by a different birth and 

 death-rate ruling in the respective portions of the island ? or is it to 

 be fuund in a larger proportional rate of emigration on the part of 

 the North to that of the South ? And if the latter be the ease, what 

 may be the probable causes which have led to that higher emigrating 

 spirit ? 



Let us, then, attempt to discover what has been the actual natural 

 merease of the population in Scotland, as deduced from the excess of 

 births over deaths, since 1851. And here a difficulty meets us on 

 the threshold — the fact that before the 1st January, 1855, there was 

 no public register of births, deaths, and marriages kept in Scotland — 

 and it is therefore only from the latter period that we can obtain any 



