GEOLOGY AND MINERALOGY. l47 



2. H. atiedtntatus. Maxillary bone, vertebrse, ribs, scales, and foot. 



3. H. Wymani. Lower jaw, vertebr;e and other bones, and scales. 



4. Jaw of a Reptile, supposed to be new. 



5. Skin and dermal plates of Hylonomus. 



6. Dendrerpeton Acadianum, Owen. A nearly complete skeleton. 



7. Pupa vetusta*. From a bed 1217 feet below that in which the species was 



originally recognized. 



NEWLY FORMED VOLCANIC ISLAND IN THE CASPIAN SEA. 

 [Extract from a Report published in the " Russian Naval Review," translated by Lieut. 

 LiJTZE, and communicated by Sir R. I. Muechison, V.P.G.S.] 



On the 8th of August last, the steamer " Turkey," in going to Asterabad, 

 stopped (in the middle of the Caspian) at a distance of several ftithoms from a 

 a newly formed island. "We went to it in a boat and landed. ■ The length of it 

 is 23 fathoms, the breadth 12 fathoms, the height above the water 6 feet; the 

 average depth of the sea at the distance of 5 to 6 fathoms off the island is also 

 6 feet. The ground is so loose yet, that the swell of the sea sweeps it away. 

 It is very difficult to walk on the island, as the feet sink into the ground. The 

 action of fire is to be observed all over the island. One may conclude that a 

 short time ago it was yet in a liquid state ; for the strong smell of petroleum 

 indicates plainly a volcanic origin, and petroleum is to be seen on the stones 

 mixed up with the earth, the whole having cooled and being now com- 

 paratively hard. In passing on the lee side of the island we also perceived the 

 smell of petroleum. 



It appears that this newly formed islet lies upon a continuation of the volcanic 

 emanations which trend from the mud-eruptions near Kertch to the fires of 

 Bakou, and in a line towards Asterabad. — Journal of Geological Society, 1, iviii. 



PRODUCE OF BRITISH MINES FOR THE YEAR 1860. 



The following summary, from the Government returns, shews the amount of 

 coal, iron, copper, lead, silver, and tin, obtained from the mines of Great Britain 

 and Ireland during the above year. 



CoaZ.— English collieries, 2,024— products, 50,297,115 tons; Welsh, 443— pro- 



• I observe that Professor Owen proposes the name " Dendropupa " (" Palaeontology," 

 1860, p. 79) ; but I have retained Pupa for the present, not beins; satisfied that there is any 

 good generic distinction ; though I admit that the form of the aperture suggests the possi- 

 bility of affinity to Bulimus as well as to Pupa- 

 Mr. J. G. Jeffreys, F.G.S., who considers the shell to be a true Pupa, has kindly directed 

 my attention to traces of ridges observable on the collumella of one specimen, and which he 

 regarded as corresponding with the screw-like plates in the young of Pupa umbilicata and 

 P. ringens. This appearance I have observed in specimens now in my possession ; and at 

 one time I supposed that I had made out a distinct tooth , but, not finding this in other and 

 less compressed individuals, I concluded that it was an effect of pressure ; in which, how- 

 ever, I may have been mistaken, as Mr. Jeffreys states that these processes have no con- 

 nection with the teeth in adult specimens, and that even the toothless variety of P. umbili' 

 cata is furnished with them. 



