TRANSLATIONS AND SELECTED ARTICLES. 370 



hill-side presented no concavity to mark its presence. When we 

 began our exploration, so completely was the cave filled with debrit 

 up to the very roof, that we were compelled to cut our way into it. 

 Of the stones scattered irregularly through the matrix of red earth, 

 some were angular, others water-worn ; all are derived from the 

 decomposition of the dolomitic conglomerate in which the cave is 

 hollowed. Near the entrance, and at a depth of five feet from the 

 roof, were three layers of peroxide of manganese, full of bony splin- 

 ters ; and passing obliquely up towards the southern side of the 

 cave, and over a ledge of rock that rises abruptly from the floor, 

 further inwards they became interblended one with another, and 

 at a distance of 15 feet from the entrance were barely visible. In 

 and between these the animal remains were found in the greatest 

 abundance. 



While driving this adit, we found an irregular piece of flint, which 

 had evidently been chipped by human agency, and a water-worn 

 fragment of a belemnite, which probably had been derived from the 

 neighbouring Marlstone-series. Bones and teeth of Rhinoceros 

 tichorhinus, Cervus Bucldandi, of other species of Deer, Irish Elk, 

 Mammoth, Hijcpna, Ursus speloeus, Wolf, Fox, and Horse, rewarded 

 our labours ; and at the mouth of the cave, and cemented together 

 by stalagmite, were frogs' remains. Remains of Felis spelcea also 

 were found at the time of the discovery of the cave, and are at 

 present in the Museum of the Somerset Archaeological Society. The 

 teeth preponderated greatly over the bones, and the great bulk were 

 those of the Horse. The Hysena-teeth also were very numerous, and 

 in all stages of growth, from the young unworn to the old tooth 

 worn down to the very gums. Those of the Elephant had belonged 

 to a young animal, and one had not been used at all. The hollow 

 bones were completely smashed and splintered, and scored with 

 tooth-marks, while the solid carpal, tarsal, and sesamoid bones were 

 uninjured, as in the case of the Kirkdale Cave. The organic remains 

 were in all stages of decay, some crumbling to dust at the touch, 

 while others were perfectly preserved and had lost very little of their 

 gelatine. 



In 18G0 we resumed our excavations ; and, in addition to the above 

 remains, found satisfactory evidence of the former presence of Man 

 in the cave. One white flint spear-head, of rude workmanship, one 

 chert arrow-head, a roughly chipped piece of chert, a round flattened 



