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The National Geographic Magazine 



Jews 13 



White Russians 12 



Cossacks 12 



Litliuanians 10 



Tartars 8 



Letts 6 



Georgians 5 



Germans 4 



Vashkirs 4 



Armenians 4 



Buriats 2 



Mordvanians 2 



Votiaks 2 



Kirghis 



Circassians 



Bulgarians 



Roumanians 



Kalmuks 



Chuvas 



Ossetines 



Almost every occupation was repre- 

 sented, as follows: 



Peasant farmers 56 



Boyars, or large land-owners 46 



Lawyers 39 



College professors 'iJ 



Clergymen 27 



Managers of large estates 26 



Merchants 24 



Government officials 24 



Capitalists 22 



Village officials 21 



Factory workmen 17 



Physicians 16 



Commission men 15 



School teachers 14 



Army officers 13 



Engineers 11 



Newspaper men 11 



Contractors 9 



Bankers 7 



Railway men 4 



Scientists 3 



Every religion in Russia had its repre- 

 sentatives upon the floor, as follows : 



Orthodox Greeks 322 



Roman Catholics 30 



Old Believers 20 



Jews 12 



Mohammedans 12 



Protestants 11 



Armenians 9 



Buddhists 2 



One of the most striking figures in the 

 entire assembly was a Roman Catholic 

 archbishop, Monsignor Roop, of Wilna, 

 whose serene face, stately presence, and 

 purple robes made him conspicuous. 

 Seven Mohammedan mullahs, sent up by 



the Tartars of the Caspian provinces, ap- 

 peared in their conventional robes and 

 turbans and sat beside several priests of 

 the Orthodox Greek Church wearing long 

 hair and beards and the peculiar hat and 

 veil of their profession. It was therefore 

 a most interesting assembly. It probably 

 contained a greater variety of elements, 

 conflicting and rival, than any other legis- 

 lative body that ever met — all grades of 

 society, education, and intelligence. 

 Princes sat beside peasants, and mingling 

 with the thirty-seven college professors 

 were six shaggy muzhiks who could not 

 read nor write. The ablest theorists of 

 the Empire and some of the most pro- 

 found scholars of Europe were sent by 

 the diiTerent universities, and the man 

 who controlled the action of the douma, 

 as completely as Speaker Cannon controls 

 the present House of Representatives in 

 Washington, was a member of the faculty 

 of the university of Chicago, Professor 

 Milukoff, a charming gentleman of great 

 learning, of lofty ideals and unlimited 

 benevolence, but entirely without experi- 

 ence in politics or legislative affairs, or 

 practical knowledge of administration. 



There were twenty-seven different po- 

 litical organizations, representing every 

 phase of opinion from the ultra-conserva- 

 tive to the red radical ; socialists, trades 

 unionists, and other men of fixed pur- 

 poses and extreme views. The most noisy 

 and conspicuous were professional agita- 

 tors, socialists and labor reformers, most 

 of whom, although they call themselves 

 "the party of toil," had never earned a 

 dollar by manual labor in their lives. 

 They professed to represent the views of 

 honest farmers and mechanics and had 

 been elected by them, but accomplished 

 nothing and only injured the interests of 

 their constituents. 



THE POLITICAL PARTIES 



The members of the douma might be 

 divided into three groups, as follows: 



Conservatives 60 



Moderates 250 



Radicals 150 



