Climate of Victoria 



345 



grown from the "whirlers" to the buckets 

 on the bridge tram and into the electric 

 "fast plants"' of today. 



The great modern unloaders are elec- 

 trically operated and require a small 

 amount of labor — not over three men. 

 The first cost of the machines is high, 

 but the time and labor saved proves their 

 economy. The repair bill is low and 

 the amount of dock room required to 

 handle immense amounts of ore is small, 

 which is a great advantage in some of 

 the crowded ports on Lake Erie. 



One of the most modern of these great 

 machines is the Hulett lo-ton electric un- 

 loader. These machines are in operation 

 at Conneaut, Lorain, Buffalo, and vari- 

 ous other places, while a number are to 

 be installed at Gary, Indiana. Each ma- 

 chine consists of two heavy parallel iron 

 girders at right angles to the face of the 

 dock and mounted on moving trucks 

 which span four or more railroad tracks. 

 On the two girders a carriage travels 

 back and forth, carrying a long pivot 

 walking beam. On the front, or the 

 water end, of this walking beam is a 

 vertical dependent leg, to which is at- 

 tached the "grab" bucket. This leg al- 



ways maintains a vertical position. The 

 operator who controls the bucket rides 

 in a cab on the lower end of the leg di- 

 rectly above the bucket. In operation 

 the walking beam oscillates up and down, 

 carrying the bucket down into the hold 

 of the boat and up above the dock. The 

 travel of the carriage back and forth on 

 the heavy girders carries the walking 

 beam and the bucket out over the boat 

 and back over the dock. 



The average "grab" of the bucket is 

 nearly lo tons, and one machine alone 

 has taken out of a vessel's hold 68i tons 

 of ore in one hour. Four of these great 

 machines have removed 9,945 gross tons 

 in four and a half hours. This is equiva- 

 lent to filling a large freight car in 60 

 seconds or loading a train of 45 cars of 

 40 tons each in three-quarters of an hour. 

 With boats of so great a tonnage and tm- 

 loaders of this great capacity, it will not 

 be long before 50 million tons of irort 

 ore will be moved in a single season. 

 In 1906 38 million tons was the season's 

 record, and with the prospective new 

 boats and unloaders, nearly. 48 million 

 tons will be moved in 1907. — W. M. 

 Gregory, Cleveland, Ohio. 



FACTORS WHICH MODIFY THE CLIMATE 

 OF VICTORIA 



By Arthur W. McCurdy, of Victoria, Canada 



H 



^ • "■" "■" OW about your cHmate.-'' 

 "Well, it is different from 

 that of any other place that 

 you have ever seen," and the new arrival 

 in Victoria at once wants to know, "How 

 is it different, and why is it different?" 



If he arrives in July or August, the 

 warmest months of the year, he finds a 

 mean temperature of 60° Fahrenheit and 

 a rainfall of less than an inch per month. 

 If he arrives in January or February, 

 our coldest months, he finds a mean tem- 

 perature of 40° and a rainfall of less than 



three inches per month. There may be a 

 light fall of snow, but it soon passes 

 away. In July and August he finds the 

 grass brown and dry ; in Januar}' and 

 February it is green everywhere. He, 

 too, realizes that the climate of Victoria 

 is different from that of any other place 

 that he has ever seen. 



On the accompanying map of Xorth 

 America I have marked points having a 

 mean temperature of 60° Fahrenheit for 

 July and August and those having a mean 

 temperature of 40° Fahrenheit for Jan- 



