402 



The National Geographic Magazine 



Photo from Hugh M. Smith, U. S. Bureau of Fisheries 



Humpback Salmon from Alaska 



Showing excessive development of the hump in males during breeding season. The introduc- 

 tion of this species into New England streams is now in progress (see page 393) 



forms, as they are more easily observed 

 and within the range of observation 

 of a more numerous population. Con- 

 siderable is known, however, of the 

 habits of many of the dwellers in 

 salt water. Parental care has been 

 especially observed in the marine pipe- 

 fishes, sea-horses, Pegasids, Solenosto- 

 mids, Sparids {e. g., Catharus) , Labrids 

 (Wrasses), toad fishes, gobies, blennies, 

 sculpins or Cottids, lumpfishes, Gobieso- 

 cids, etc.) 



Naturally the most common or fre- 

 quent mode of care is the simplest, con- 

 sisting of little more than selection of a 

 site for the deposit of the female's eggs 

 and subsequent guardianship of those 

 eggs by the male. In the case of the 

 American sunfishes, black basses, and 

 crappies, the place selected is cleared of 



stones and weeds, and in the cleared 

 place the eggs are laid. Some of the sun- 

 fish-like Cichlids and the North Ameri- 

 can catfishes, as well as the Grecian 

 glanis, exercise similar means with slight 

 modifications. Another kind of catfish, 

 living in North Australia (Queensland), 

 lays her eggs in the center of a selected 

 area of a river bed, and, after having 

 fertilized them, the fish accumulates 

 stones from the surrounding area and 

 piles them in a heap over the eggs. 



Aristotle's cati^ish 



Aristotle 2,250 years ago described 

 how this fish guarded its young, but the 

 world for nearly as many years has 

 laughed at his story. Recent investiga- 

 tions by Dr Theodore Gill, and others, of 

 a similar fish in the United States, have 



