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The National Geographic Magazine 



in 8i° 44' N., 65° W. It attained, in 

 1882, 83° 24' N., 41° W., on tile north- 

 west coast of Hazen Land. In 1883 it 

 reached 82° 15' W. on the northwest 

 coast of Greenland, and also 80° 48' N., 

 78° W., on Greely Fjord. The auxiliary 

 expeditions of 1882, under W. M. Beebe, 

 reached Cape Sabine, about 78° 30' N., 

 and that of 1883, under Lieutenant, now 

 General, E. A. Garlington, U. S. Army, 

 passed a few miles to the north of that 

 cape, and Commander, afterwards Ad- 

 miral, F. Wilde, U. S. Navy, reached 

 that year the vicinity of Cape York, in 

 the Y antic. The relief squadron of 1884, 

 under Captain, now Admiral, W. S. 

 Schley, U. S. Navy, likewise ^reached 

 Cape Sabine. 



Dr Franz Boas explored Baffin's Land 

 in 1883-1884. 



The most remarkable series of Ameri- 

 can expeditions is that due to the repeated 

 efforts of Commander Robert E. Peary, 

 U. S. Navy, which, beginning by a 

 journey of fifty miles on the inland ice 

 from Disco, in 1886, has ended in voy- 

 ages, from 1892 to 1906 (except in 1897), 

 that have covered entire north Greenland, 

 northern Grinnell Land, and the adjacent 

 Polar Sea. The main points reached 

 were as follows : 1892, crossing the inland 

 ice to Navy Chff, 81° 37' N., 34° W. ; 

 1893, half-way across the inland ice, to 

 about 80° N., 50° W. ; 1895, across the 

 inland ice to about 81° 40' N., 34° W. 

 1896 (summer voyage), Cape York 

 1898, Fort Conger, 81° 44' N., 64° W. 



1900, Polar Sea, 83° 54' N., 30° W. 



1901, Lincoln Bay, about 82° N., 63° W. 



1902, Polar Sea, 84° 17' N., 70° W. 

 1906, Polar Sea, 87° 06' N., zvhicJi is the 

 nearest approach to the north geographic 

 pole. 



Connected with Commander Peary's ex- 

 plorations there were auxiliary explora- 

 tions, which visited the Greenland coast 

 between Capes York and Sabine. Among 

 these were : In 1891 and 1892, Kite, R. 

 N. Keelv and G. G. Davis; Falcon. H. G. 



Bryant, 1894, which reached, in Jones 

 Sound, 76° 15' N., 82° W. ; the Miranda, 

 under Dr F. A. Cook, visited, in a sum- 

 mer voyage, Sukkertoppen, Greenland, 

 in 1894, about 67° 1^. ; Diana, 1899, and 

 Erik, 1901, H. L. Bridgman. 



In 1894 Walter Wellman passed be- 

 yond Platen Island, north of Spitzbergen, 

 reaching about 81° N. In his expedition 

 to Franz Josef Land, 1898-1899, the lati- 

 tude of 82° N. was attained by one party, 

 while another reached 81° 26' N., 65° 

 E., on Graham Bell Island. 



The Ziegler Expedition, commanded 

 by E. B. Baldwin, in 1900-1901, reached 

 Franz Josef Land, about 81° 30' N. ; that 

 under A. Fiala, in 1903-1905, to Franz 

 Josef Land, reached, in 1903, about 82° 

 04' N. by sea. Auxiliary Ziegler expedi- 

 tions in 1904 and 1905 were commanded 

 by W. S. Champ, in Fridtjof and Terra 

 Nova. 



The expedition of Robert Stein to 

 Jones Sound, 1899-1901, reached about 

 78° N. 



A. P. Low, in the Neptune, after win- 

 tering in Cumberland Gulf, 1903-1904, 

 reached, in the summer of 1904, Cape 

 Sabine, Smith Sound. 



There have been quite a number of 

 Canadian expeditions, which, if not 

 strictly Polar, were at least sub-Arctic. 

 Among them may be mentioned the ex- 

 pedition of the Tyrrell brothers in the 

 Barren Lands of Canada, 1893 ; the 

 journeys of Dr Robert Bell in the Hud- 

 son Bay region, and especially his ex- 

 plorations of south Baffin Land in 1897; 

 the discoveries of Ogilvie in the Yukon 

 and Mackenzie basins, and the voyages of 

 Lieutenant Gordon, Low, and others to 

 Hudson Bay. J. E. Bernier, in Arctic, 

 reached and landed on Melville Island, 

 75° 06' N., 106° W. 



Walter Wellman established his bal- 

 loon depot in 1906 at Danes Island. Spitz- 

 bergen, 79° 40' N., and now returns to 

 that station during the present summer. 



