Vol, III, pp 1-30, PL 1. March 28, i89i. 



THE 

 NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE 



SOUTH AMERICA. 



Annual Address by the President, 



GARDINER G. HUBBARD. 



[Presented to the Society December 19, 1890.) 



Two years ago I selected for my annual address Africa, or the 

 Dark Continent y last year Asia, the Land of Mountains and 

 Deserts ; this year I have chosen South America, the Land of 

 Rivers and Pampas. 



The recent meeting of the Pan-American Congress has called 

 attention to South America, a part of our continent under repub- 

 lican forms of government and rich in products which we lack, 

 while it relies mainly on other foreign countries for goods which 

 we manufacture. North America and South America should be 

 more closely united, for the one is the complement of the other. 



The prominent featvires of South America are its long ranges 

 of mountains — next to the Himalayas the highest in the world, — 

 its great valley, and its immense plateau extending from the 

 Straits of Magellan to the Caribbean sea. 



The Mountains. 



The Andes rise in the extreme south at Cape Horn, run in a 



northerly course through Patagonia and southern Chili ; thence 



continuing in three nearly parallel ranges, the western chain called 



the Andes, the others known as the Cordilleras, through Peru, 



1— Nat. Geog. Mag., voi.. Ill, 1891. (1) 



