The Outfit. 11 



ing one gallon each were provided for use while on the march. 

 Subse(i[uent experience proved that this arrangement was satis- 

 factory. 



Four seven-by-seven tents, with ridge ro|)es, and two pyram- 

 idal nine-by-nine center-pole tents, with iiies, were provided, 

 all made of cotton drilling. The smaller tents were for use in 

 the higher cami)s, and the larger ones for the l.)ase camps. The 

 tents were as light as seemed practicable, and were found to 

 answer well the purpose for which they Avere intended. 

 . Each man was supplied with one double Hudson Bay l)lankct, 

 a water-proof coat, a water-proof hat (the most serviceable being 

 the " sou'westers " used by seamen), and an alpenstock.* Each 

 man also carried a sheet made of light duck, seven feet square, 

 to protect his blankets and to be used as a shelter-tent if re- 

 cjuired. Each member of the party was also required to have 

 heavy boots or shoes, and suitable woolen clothing. Each man 

 was furnished with two pieces of hemp " cod-line," 50 feet in 

 length, to be used in packing blankets and rations. The lines 

 were doubled many times, so as to distribute the weight on the 

 shoulders, and were connected with two leather straps for buck- 

 ling about the package to be carried. The cod-lines were used 

 instead of ordinary pack-straps, for the reason that they dis- 

 tribute the weight on the shoulder over a lu'oader area, and also 

 because they can be made immediately availal:»le for climbing, 

 crossing streams, etc., when required. Several extra lines of the 

 same material were also taken as a reserve, or to be used in 

 roping the party together when necessary. Several of the party 

 carried rifles, for each of which a hundred rounds of fixed am- 

 munition were issued. Two ice-axes for the party were also 

 provided. 



A canvas boat was made by the men -while en route for the 

 field, but there was no occasion to <use it, except as a cover for a 

 cache left at one of the earlier camps. Subsequent experience 

 showed that snow-shoes and one or two sleds would have been 

 serviceable ; but these were not taken. 



Our instruments were furnished by the United States Geo- 

 logical Survey. The list included one transit, one gradienter, 

 one sextant, two prismatic compasses, one compass clinometer, 



* Light rubber cloth was ordered from 8an Fninciseo for the purpose of 

 allowing each man a water-proof sheet to place under his blankets, but was 

 not received in time to be used. 



12— Nat. Geog. Mag., vol. Ill, 1891. 



