Camp in Floral Pass. 109 



many terraces, which record a comphcated history. Evenly 

 stratified clays near its lower end, adjacent to the Lucia glacier, 

 show that it was at one time occuj^ied in part by a lake. Above 

 the lacustral beds there are water-worn deposits, indicating that 

 at a later date the gorge was filled from side to side by moraines 

 and coarse stream clej^osits several hundred feet thick. These 

 were excavated, and portions were left clinging to the hill-sides, 

 forming the terraces of to-day. Diverse slopes in the terraces 

 suggest that the drainage may at times have been reversed, ac- 

 cording as the Lucia or the Hayden glacier was the higher. 



The routes between our various camps, scattered along between 

 Yakutat bay and Blossom islancl, were traversed several times by 

 every member of the party. To traverse the same trail several- 

 times with heavy loads, and perhaps in rain and mist, is dis- 

 heartening work which I will spare the reader the effort of follow- 

 ing even in fancy. 



From our camp in Floral pass another reconnoissance ahead 

 was made by Mr. Kerr and myself, as already mentioned. These 

 advances, each one of which told us something new, were the 

 most interesting portions of our journey. The little adventures 

 and exijeriences of each advance were reported and talked over 

 when we rejoined our companions around the camp-fire at night, 

 and were received with gratifying interest by the men. 



A view of the Hayden glacier from the Floral hills showed us 

 that it differed from any of the glaciers previously traversed. Its 

 surface, where we planned to cross it, was free of debris except 

 along the margins and also near the center, where we could 

 distinguish a light medial moraine. Farther southward, near 

 the terminus of the glacier, its surface from side to side was 

 buried beneath a sheet of stones and dirt. As in many other 

 instances, the debris on the lower portion of the glacier has been 

 concentrated at the surface, owing to the melting of the ice, so 

 as to form a continuous sheet. 



Early one morning, while traveling over the torrent-swept 

 bowlders in the stream-bed on our way up Floral pass, we were 

 a little startled at seeing the head of a bear just visible through 

 the flowers fringing the bank. Before a shot could be fired, he 

 vanished, and remained jDerfectly quiet among the bushes for 

 several minutes. But a trembling of the branches at length be- 

 trayed his presence, and a few minutes later he came out in full 

 view, his yellow-brown coat giving him the appearance of a huge 



16— Nat. Geog. Mag., vol. HI, 1891. 



