l879-S. TRANSACTIONS. 23 



those whose hair is tied up on the top of the head, those who 

 expose their ears, by contrast with other races wearing long 

 floating hair covering the neck, the ears and part of the 

 cheeks. 



The final sound ouais : Outaouais, is the result of pure 

 ignorance, and is not more than eighty years old. 



The form Ottawa did not exist during the French regime ; 

 it was created by the English evidently from Outaoua. 



As to the history of those people we have so* often seen 

 modern maps and books which place them in our valley that 

 it seems impossible to remove that belief from the minds of 

 of readers. 



They were principally located in Manitoulin Island when 

 Champlain met some of them at the mouth of French River 

 in 1615. Afterwards they took refuge in Wisconsin for fear 

 of the Iroquois. In 1654 they opened a trade with Montreal 

 by the route of I^ake Nipissing and the Grand River, then a 

 perfect wilderness without any Indians on its shores. Grad- 

 ually the Grand River became known as the passage of the 

 Outaouas, the Outaoua. This application of the name of a 

 far away nation to a Canadian River can be followed in the 

 manuscripts covering the period of 1670-1700. 



In the localities where the Outaouas emigrated two hun- 

 dred years ago there are now ten or twelve towns, villages, 

 railway stations and counties called " Ottawa." This is only 

 right, although somewhat overdone. 



The books and maps published in our century caused 

 the Canadians to consider the " valley of the Ottawa " as the 

 ancient residence of the Outaouas, and that name was imposed 

 in good faith upon young Bytown. It is the consecration of an 

 error. The Capital of Canada stands before us under a foreign 

 name. 



