l899-'00 TRANSACTIONS 1.59 



only part of the whole boundry line between the I^ake of the 

 Woods and the gulf of Georgia, where a mean parallel has been 

 adopted for the boundary, instead of the astronomic parallel. 

 These seventy-one miles were re-cut on the mean parallel. 

 From the extremity of the mean parallel at Statapoosten, an east 

 line was run to the Columbia, where a difference of 212 feet was 

 found between the mean of the British and United States latitude 

 determinations there and the mean parallel. The line (for final 

 boundary) was thereupon deflected from Statapoosten so as to 

 strike the above mean Columbia position of the 49th parallel. 



The actual definition of the boundary is as follows : Its 

 western extremity is marked by a substantial granite obelisk in 

 longitude 123° 03' 53", west, standing upon a steep cliff on the 

 western face of the promintory of Point Roberts, about 160 feet 

 above the sea. For 44.8 miles eastward there are 42 iron pillars 

 placed at suitable points on the boundary. One pillar stands on 

 the eastern face of Point Roberts, 2 miles 704 yards from the 

 obelisk, and there are two intermediate pillars in the interval at 

 average distances apart of somewhat more than }{ mile. A 

 pillar on the west shore of Semiahmoo Bay is 12 miles 1,177 Y^s. 

 from that on Point Roberts on the opposite side of the ba}^ ; and 

 thence in 2934 miles to the eastermost pillar the average distance 

 apart is about 1380 yds., varying between i mile 1245 yds. and 

 198 yds. on the opposite bank of the Sumass River. These 

 pillars all stand in a continuous cutting through the forest or in 

 intervening patches of swamp and prairie. From the eastern- 

 most iron pillar, to the right or west bank of the Similkameen 

 river is 107.9 miles, the boundary is defined in the vicinity of 9 

 astronomical stations by 19 cairns or pyramids built of dry stones, 

 and one bench mark cut on the face of a 'rock at Knsakwatch ; 

 and at several stations short vistas were also cut in the 

 forest, between the cairns. This wide interval comprises the 

 rugged and inhospitable region of the Cascade Mountains. One 

 of the widest unmarked intervals on the boundary occurs in these 

 mountains, between Pasayten and Naisnulch, the distance be- 

 tween the marked points being 23.7 miles. From a cairn at the 

 foot of the mountains on the west side of the Similkameen river 

 to the east or left bank of the Columbia, the boundary for 95 

 miles is well and continuously marked by 69 stone cairns and one 

 mound of earth, and by forest cutting in all necessary cases. 



