226 KECENT ARCHAEOLOGICAL DISCOVERIES IN CORNWALL. 



All maniples, bands or divisions of a legion had their 

 separate standards under which to fight. 2 cohorts made a 

 maniple. 



The chief commanding officers of a Legion (under the 

 emperors, consuls, or commanders in chief) were Tribunes. 



The chief officer of a Cohort stationed at Tregaer would be 

 either a Tribune or a senior Centurion. He would be attended 

 by a staff, an apparitor and others. In a Cohort were 6 Cen- 

 turions or Captains, each in charge of 80 men (100 in theory, 

 hence the name). 



The Centurions were of different grades. There were also 

 junior officers, — lieutenants (called Options), &c. The commander 

 of a troop of horse was a Decurion, and he had subordinate 

 officers. Troops of foreign horse (Celts, &c.) were made use of, 

 besides regular cavalry. There were mounted scouts, archers, 

 and slingers. 



When encamping, according to Legionary rule, each cen- 

 turion with his 80 infantry would occupy 3600 square feet of 

 ground, i.e., an area which would contain 10 ordinary tents (to 

 hold 8 men each) with spaces for baggage, piling arms, &c. If 

 the tents were in single line, the ground of the century would 

 measure 120 by 30 feet. 



Each centurion was allowed for his tent as much ground as 

 would pertain to two of the tents of his associated men, but any 

 consequent overcrowding of the men's tents was counteracted by 

 the absence of quaternions on watch, leaving 8 men in each of 

 their 8 remaining tents. A dragoon and his horse occupied a 

 space equal to that allotted to 4 foot soldiers. 



It is upon these data that I have reckoned accommodation 

 for a Cohort, with additions, in the camp of Tregaer. 



Some writers have stated that under certain circumstances 

 the Romans made their men occupy less than the regulation 

 space. It is also said that in the later period of the empire the 

 camps were made to conform to the nature of the ground, even if 

 they had to be circular. Tregaer camp is not affected by this. 



If all the circular camps in the neighbourhood existed when 

 it was formed, and were well garrisoned by the Britons, the 



